HARYANA – States of India

HARYANA – States of India

 Key Information

 Capital : Chandigarh

 Geographical Feature: Landlocked state

 Present Chief Minister : Bhupinder Singh Hooda

 Present Governor : Shivraj Patil

 Main language : Hindi (Haryanvi dialect)

 Geographical Features of Haryana

 Haryana is a landlocked state

 Haryana touches boundaries of 5 states – Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh

 Haryana also touches boundaries of NCR Delhi

 Haryana is the state which envelopes Delhi from three side (other side is that of Uttar Pradesh)

 Ghagghar is the most important river that passes through Haryana

 Haryana’s plains have been formed mainly by Ghagghar and   Yamuna

 The Aravali range touches Haryana’s south-west boundary

 Much of Haryana’s western areas are semi-desert

 Yamuna river forms a natural boundary between Haryana and Uttar Pradesh

 It is believed that Ghagghar is the mystic Saraswati River that was believed to have disappeared under desert some centuries back

 Haryana is the state with least area coming under forest cover (as a percentage of total area)

 Political and Historical importance of Haryana

 Literal meaning of Haryana is “Land of Hari” or land of Lord Krishna (Hari)

 Haryana got its name from Lord Krishna as he gave the holy sermon  of Bhagwat-Geeta  at  the famous battleground of Kurukshetra in the ancient times

 It is believed in Indian mythology that the ancient King Bharata had his kingdom to the west of Hastinapur, which comes under today’s Haryana. India got its name Bharat from this king

 Haryana was also an important part of the Indus Valley Civilization

 Banwali and Rakhigarhi are two important cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are in Haryana

 It is also believed that the first ‘shlokas’ of Vedas were recited by the Aryans in the lands of Haryana during the Vedic era

 Haryana has also been famous for its battlefields of Kurukshetra and Panipat

 The Great Battle of Mahabharata was fought at Kurukshetra between Kauravas and the Pandavas

 Sermons of Geeta were also delivered by Lord Krishna at Kurukshetra

 Three battles of Panipat were fought at Panipat during the medieval period

 During the British regime Haryana was part of the Punjab province 

 Demand for a separate Hindi-speaking state was raised even before India got freedom. Many prominent patrons of Hindi language believed that Hindi is getting ill-treatment due to dominance of Punjabi in Greater Punjab

 Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the important advocates of a Hindi state, which has its own different character from that of Punjab

 A committee was formed under chairmanship of Sri Ram Sharma for formation of a separate state called Haryana

 Haryana was finally carved out of India’s Punjab state in 1966, for which the Punjab Re-organization Act was promulgated

 Haryana was 17th state of the Indian union

 Other Salient Features of Haryana

 Haryana had the lowest sex ratio amongst Indian states in the 2011 Census. There were only 877 females per 1000 males in the state, which was the lowest for any Indian state. But demographic pattern in the state has bettered from the Census of 2001, in which sex ratio stood at just 861 females per thousand males

 Haryana was the first Indian state to implement Value-Added-Tax (VAT) in 2003

 Agriculture is the main economic activity of Haryana and the state is proud of its achievements in this field. Haryana also received benefits of the Green Revolution

 Haryana is sometimes also called “Milk Pail of India” due to high milk production

 India’s only Buffalo research institute is located in Haryana’s Karnal

 Jat community is the dominant agrarian community of Haryana and is also strong politically

 Haryana is among the few Indian states to have about 90 per cent of its populace belonging to the Hindu religion

 Development of numerous satellite towns like Gurgaon, Faridabad and Ballabhgarh have resulted as a great impetus for development of the whole NCR region abounding Delhi

 Panchkula has been developed as a satellite town of Chandigarh

 Haryana has been able to develop numerous tourist destinations in spite of very limited places with historical touristic importance

 Surajkund, Badkal Lake, Morni Hills, Pinjore, Sohna have been developed as tourist destinations

 Gurgaon is a bustling city south of Delhi, which has witnessed tremendous strides of development in last 3

decades from being a sleeping town on fringes of Delhi 

 Gurgaon is the site of the ancient village of Guru Dronacharya, the martial art teacher of Kauravs and the

Pandavas. This town has been described as Guru Goan (or village of the Guru) in old mythological testaments

 Gurgaon also has a temple dedicated to Guru Dronacharya

 Gurgaon is also headquarters of Maruti Suzuki Udyog Limited, India’s leading passenger car manufacturer

 Maruti’s presence in Gurgaon has resulted in concentration of auto-ancillary industry around Gurgaon and in adjoining places

 Panipat is famous for its weaving industry and has often been referred as Weavers Town

 Karnal is famous for production of durries

 Haryana is believed to be the largest manufacturer of tractors in India

 Haryana is also leading cycle manufacturing state of the country

 Surajkund is famous for its annual handicrafts fair and exhibition

 Sohna is famous for its hot-sulphur streams

 Morni Hills is the only hill station of Haryana, which is located in Panchkula district

 Kalka in Haryana is the main base station for reaching Shimla, one of the most famous hill stations of India and the capital Himachal Pradesh

 The famed Kalka-Shimla Himalayan Railway has Kalka as the originating station. This railway is now included in list of heritage railways of the world

 Art and Culture of Haryana

 Saang, Dhamaal, Loor and Phaag are famous folk-dances of Haryana

 The Ghoomar (Jhoomar) dance, performed by women of the state, gets its inspiration from Rajasthan

 Phulkari, the art of weaving cloth pieces, especially women clothes, is famous

 Soorjakund Mela, displaying handicrafts and handlooms from state, has been held since 1981

 

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