Subscribe For Free Updates!

We'll not spam mate! We promise.

Sunday 14 September 2014

LIST OF ALL MUGHAL EMPERORS IN INDIAN HISTORY

LIST OF ALL MUGHAL EMPERORS IN INDIAN HISTORY :-





EmperorBirthReign PeriodDeathNotes
BaburFeb 23, 14831526–1530Dec 26, 1530Was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother and was related toTimur through his father. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the Battle of Panipat (1526) and the Battle of Khanwa.
HumayunMar 6, 15081530–1540Jan 1556Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.
Sher Shah Suri14721540–1545May 1545Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty.
Islam Shah Suric.15001545–155415542nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration.
HumayunMar 6, 15081555–1556Jan 1556Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530–1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.
AkbarNov 14, 15421556–1605Oct 27, 1605He and Bairam Khan defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat and later won famous victories during the Siege of Chittorgarh and the Siege of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions; he married Mariam-uz-Zamani, a Rajput princess. One of his most famous construction marvels was theLahore Fort.
JahangirOct 15691605–16271627Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic, and his wife Empress Noor Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.
Shah JahanJan 5, 15921627–16581666Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red Fort, Jahangir mausoleum, and Shalimar Gardens inLahore. Deposed by his son Aurangzeb.
AurangzebOct 21, 16181658–1707Mar 3, 1707He reinterpreted Islamic law and presented the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri; he captured thediamond mines of the Sultanate of Golconda; he spent the major part of his last 27 years in the war with the Maratha rebels; at its zenith, his conquests expanded the empire to its greatest extent; the over-stretched empire was controlled byMansabdars, and faced challenges after his death. He is known to have transcribed copies of the Qur'an using his own styles of calligraphy. he died during a campaign against the ravaging Marathas in the Deccan.
Bahadur Shah IOct 14, 16431707–1712Feb 1712First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the lack of leadership qualities among his immediate successors.
Jahandar Shah16641712–1713Feb 1713Was an unpopular incompetent titular figurehead;
Furrukhsiyar16831713–17191719His reign marked the ascendancy of the manipulative Syed Brothers, execution of the rebellious Banda In 1717 he granted a Firman to the English East India Companygranting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal, the Firman was repudiated by the notable Murshid Quli Khan.
Rafi Ul-DarjatUnknown17191719
Rafi Ud-DaulatUnknown17191719
NikusiyarUnknown17191743
Muhammad IbrahimUnknown17201744
Muhammad Shah17021719–1720, 1720–17481748Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Countered the emergence of the renegade Marathasand lost large tracts of Deccan and Malwa in the process. Suffered the invasion ofNadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.[38]
Ahmad Shah Bahadur17251748–541775
Alamgir II16991754–17591759The Mughal Empire had impulsively began to re-centralize after subjects anxiously sought his gratification, he was murdered according to the conspiracy of the unscrupulous Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and his schismatic Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau (Peshwa);
Shah Jahan IIIUnknownIn 17591772Was ordained to the imperial throne by Sadashivrao Bhau (Peshwa) who went on to loot the Mughal heartlands, he was generally regarded as an usurper and was overthrown after the Third Battle of Panipat by Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.
Shah Alam II17281759–18061806Was nominated as the Mughal Emperor by Ahmad Shah Durrani after the Third Battle of Panipat. Defeat of the combined forces of Mughal, Nawab of Oudh & Nawab of Bengal, Bihar at the hand of East India Company at the Battle of Buxar.Post the defeat in the Battle of Buxar in 1764, Shah Alam II left Delhi for Allahabad. Treaty of Allahabad(1765). Shah Alam II was reinstated to the throne of Delhi in 1772 byMahadaji Shinde under the protection of the Marathas.[39] He was the last Mughal Emperor to have de jure control over the empire.
Akbar Shah II17601806–18371837He designated Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur as the new Nawab of Sindh, Although he was under British protection his imperial name was removed from the official coinage after a brief dispute with the British East India Company;
Bahadur Shah II17751837–18571862The last Mughal emperor was deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. End of Mughal dynasty.

TOYOTA DEVELOPS HIGH EFFICIENCY FREE PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE TO POWER ELECTRIC VEHICLE


TOYOTA DEVELOPS HIGH EFFICIENCY WITHOUT CRANKSHAFT (FREE PISTON) COMBUSTION ENGINE TO POWER ELECTRIC VEHICLE




There is probably no better chronicler into the full depth of American ingenuity than YouTube. Here one finds not just computer models for all manner of esoteric combustion engine designs, but actual working prototypes of them, often built by individuals. Big companies can also innovate here sometimes. A new free piston engine linear generator (FPEG) from Toyota Central in Maine is a case in point. 

The piston is called “free” because there is no crankshaft. On its power stroke, the piston dumps its kinetic energy into the fixed windings which surround it, generating a shot of three-phase AC electricity. It can be run sparkless through a diesel cycle or run on standard gasoline. What has folks excited is the claimed thermal efficiency for the device — at 42% it blows away the engines used in cars today. Toyota’s demo engine, just 8 inches around and 2 feet long, was able to generate 15 hp. A two-cylinder model would be self-balancing and have much reduced vibration.
  
Not surprisingly, the valves are electrically operated and can therefore be better used to fine-tune the power delivery through the full range of the stroke. Speaking of strokes, the video indicates a two-stroke design, which might present a few problems for a road-worthy design. For one thing, emissions would be suspect. Nonetheless Toyota imagines that a twin unit design pumping out 20 kW could power a light electric vehicle at a cruise speed of 120 kph (75 mph).

Toyota's FPEG, in colorLinear generators and linear combustion engines are nothing new. Shake-to-charge “Faraday” flashlights, smartphones, and even energy-harvesting backpacks are all standard fare, while single-acting direct power pistons have also seen action in applications as intriguing as power-assist boots for the Russian military. The trick is to get the two working efficiently in unison and that is the beauty of what Toyota appears has done. Considering that the piston is decelerated and re-accelerated at each end of the stroke, any mismatch between combustive power input and electromagnetic power extraction needs to be absorbed somewhere. Mechanical or air springs can help although there is still likely to be some efficiency loss.

At the risk of adding some confusion, the device is technically an alternator as it generates AC. As (most) electric cars use 3-phase AC induction or “AC-like” 3-phase brushless DC motors, they could potentially run directly from the output of this device, perhaps save for some intermediary voltage and current conditioning. However, like standard car alternators, there will likely be DC conversion to charge the battery pack — unless Toyota has also secretly perfected the AC battery. There is still plenty of room to innovate here. Linear alternators are similar in design to linear motors, but one does not simply reverse the cycle to swap one into the other — there are certain control functions that need to be imposed on how the coils are energized in a motor. However that does not mean a multipurpose linear electric power device could not be constructed.