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Sunday 26 October 2014

NOBLE PRIZE WINNERS 2014

NOBLE PRIZE WINNERS 2014


The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014: 


Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"

 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014: 


Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"

 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014:


 John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"

 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014:


 Patrick Modiano "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2014:


 Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzay "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"

The Nobel in Economic Science 2014:

Jean Tirole "for his analysis of market power and regulation"

Saturday 25 October 2014

Important Full Forms of Computer Terminology

Important Full Forms of Computer Terminology 


1.) GOOGLE : Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth .
2.) YAHOO : Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle .
3.) WINDOW : Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution
4.) COMPUTER : Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research.
5.) VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege .
6.) UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System .
7.) AMOLED: Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
8.) OLED : Organic light-emitting diode
9.) IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity .
10.) ESN: Electronic Serial Number .
11.) UPS: uninterrupted power supply .
12). HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface


13.) VPN: virtual private network
14.) APN: Access Point Name
15.) SIM: Subscriber Identity Module
16.) LED: Light emitting diode.
17.) DLNA: Digital Living Network Alliance
18.) RAM: Random access memory.
19.) ROM: Read only memory.
20) VGA: Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA: Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA: Wide video graphics array.
23) WXGA: Wide screen Extended Graphics Array
24) USB: Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
26.) PPI: Pixels Per Inch
27.) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display.
28.) HSDPA: High speed down-link packet access.
29.) HSUPA: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access


30.) HSPA: High Speed Packet Access 
31.) GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
32.) EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
33.)NFC: Near field communication
34.) OTG: on-the-go
35.) S-LCD: Super Liquid Crystal Display
36.) O.S: Operating system.
37.) SNS: Social network service
38.) H.S: HOTSPOT
39.) P.O.I: point of interest
40.)GPS: Global Positioning System
41.)DVD: Digital Video Disk / digital versatile disc
42.)DTP: Desk top publishing.
43.) DNSE: Digital natural sound engine .
44.) OVI: Ohio Video Intranet
45.)CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
46.) WCDMA: Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access
47.)GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
48.)WI-FI: Wireless Fidelity
49.) DIVX: Digital internet video  access.


50.) .APK: authenticated public key.
51.) J2ME: java 2 micro edition
53.) DELL: Digital electronic link library.
54.)ACER: Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection
55.)RSS: Really simple syndication
56.) TFT: thin film transistor
57.) AMR: Adaptive Multi- Rate
58.) MPEG: moving pictures experts group
59.)IVRS: Interactive Voice Response System
60.) HP: Hewlett Packard

IBPS RRB Exam from 6th Sept. to 20th Sept. All Ga Questions

 IBPS RRB Exam from 6th Sept. to 20th Sept.  All Ga Questions


IBPS RRB PO 6th September Morning Shift Ga Questions

1. Capital Of Bhutan-Thimphu
2. Italy Currency- Euro
3. Current CRR- 4%
4. World habitat day- October 6(observed every year on the first Monday of October throughout the world)
5. Minimum limit for RTGS-2 lakh
6. Boeing plane crashed down in which country- Ukraine
7. Current foreign minister- Sushma Swaraj 
8. rural population as per census 2011- 68.84 %
9. Length of railway tracks as per railway budget -115,000 km 
10. Sania mirza is a brand ambasder of which state- Telangana
11. Mettur Dam on Kaveri River is in which state- Tamil Nadu 
12. Role of Banking Ombudsman - resolve complain of customers related with banking services 
13.Role of KYC- KYC is used to verify identify of customer to prevent money Laundering 
14. Which Author Got Padma Bhushan recently- Ruskin Bond 
15. Next G-20 summit (2015) is to be held in – Turkey.
16. Largest consumer of antibiotics- India
17. Who is ISIS- is a Jihadist militant group in Iraq and Syria 
18. Where is Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary located- Karnataka. 
19. Parupalli kashyap related to which sport- Badminton 
20. Cartoonist pran famous for- Creating Chacha Chaudhary 
21. CSAT Full Form- CIVIL SERVICES APTITUDE TEST 
22. Children above 10 yrs of age are not allowed which facility – Banking Facility
23. Where is SHIGMO festival celebrated – Goa
24. Face to face video communication in which bank – Indusind Bank.
25. First Bank to set up Payment Gateway – SBI
26. India and Brazil agreement 2014 – trade and investment flows.
27. Palestinian Hamas is – Palestinian Islamist political organization and militant group.
28. EBOLA first discovered in which country – Democratic Republic of Congo
29. Aajeevika " scheme" is also known as - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)

IBPS RRB PO 6th September Evening Shift Ga Questions

1. Capital Of Brazil-Brasília
2. World AIDS Day- 1 December
3. Indian Company to cross 5 cr in mrkt- Tcs
4. Austria Currency-Euro 
5. Union budget allocated for Sc development - Rs 50,548 cr
6. TARC Committee head- Parthasarathi Shome
7. Saarc 18th summit- Nepal(kathmandu) in November 2014.
8 . Article of Consitution related with Absence of Nominated Member of Rajya Sabha- Article 104
9. Strictly Personal: Manmohan and Gursharan- by Daman Singh
10. 'Van Bandhu Kalyan Yojna'- for holistic development of tribals 
11. Gagan narang is related to which sports- Air rifle shooting
12. Chutak power plant in which state- Jammu and Kashmir
13.Who elected head of Arujna award selection committee – Kapil Dev
14. BBPS Full form – Bharat Bill Payment System
15. Largest solar power plant in which district of MP - Rewa district
16. Commodity market regulator – Forward Markets Commission
17. PLR is also known as – Base Rate
18.Tata SIA airlines known as – Vistara
19.Road development minister? – Nitin Gadkari 
20. NTCA Full Form- National Tiger Conservation Authority
21Ebola virus inventor scientist : Peter Piot (Belgium)
22.Rural Population in India according to 2011 census – 83.3 Crore

IBPS RRB PO 7th September Morning Shift Ga Questions

1. Rural population highest in the state - Uttar Pradesh
2. Capital of Egypt- Cairo
3. The Vijay Mallya Story written -by K Giriprakash
4. Currency of Republic of Finland- Euro
5. SIT head dealing with black money probe- MB Shah 
6. ATM Free usage reduced from 5 to 3 in which cities it will come in effect- six metros( Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai.) Pune and Jaipur are wrong answers
7. Tribal Minister from which constituency-Sundargarh constituency of Odisha 
8. 1st Skill Development Centre- Jaipur 
9. World Diabetes Day-14 Nov. 
10. Joshna Chinappa and Dipika Pallikal related with which sports-squash
11. Committe name related with review of bank governance - J P nayak
12. Brics summitt 2015 to be held in- Russia
13. Pongal celebrated in-Tamil Nadu
14. Min paid capital of small payment banks- 100 Crore 
15. Chandraprabha wildlife sanctuary located in - Uttar Pradesh
16. RBI panel head who recommend CPI formula - Urjit Patel Committee
17. Railway passenger per day Travel according to Budget- 23 million
18. Comet for which European Space Agency made a Rosetta spacecraft - 67P/C-G 
19. E-baat full form - Electonic Banking Awareness and technology 
20. FII is registered under which organization – SEBI 
21. CNBT full form – Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty 
22. Muzaffar Ali winner of Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhawna award for directed- Umrao Jaan
23. Dhronacharya award committee headed by - Ajitpal singh
24. Physics nobel prizi 2013- Francois Englert + Peter W. Higgs
25. Lanco Udupi Coal Mega Power Plant bought by - Adani group
26. Commercial paper issued in form of- Promissory note
27. FDI must registered under - SEBI
28.Excessive deteriorate notes from fire, water washing - Mutilated notes

IBPS RRB PO 7th September Evening Shift Ga Questions

1.Currency of Netherlands - Euro
2. Consumer and food affair minister- Ram Vilas Paswan 
3. V.k.iyengar who died is related to - Yoga
4. Highest urban population - Maharashtra
5. The Nimoo Bazgo power project in which city- Leh ( Jammu and Kashmir)
6. Who won the prize along with sharad Yadav and arun jaitley given by president- karan Singh
7. Bihu festival related to which state - Assam
8. Roger Federer is related to which Sports- Lawn Tennis
9. First bank to launch EMI on debit cards - ICICI Bank
10. AIMA Full Form-All India Management Association
11. Who won emerging business leader of year award given by AIMA - Godrej group Chairman Adi Godrej 
12. The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics was held at? – Najing, China
13. International Human Rights day is celebrated on : December 10th
14. CTS Full form CHECK TRUNCATION SYSTEM
15. The next IBSA summit will be hosted by which country —India
16. What is Stale Cheque- Cheques that are dated as old as 3months
17. Who is Food Processing Minister - Harsimrat Kaur Badal
18. RBI given license to which micro finance institute- IDBI & Bandhan
19. Forward and Future Market Regulator - Forward Markets Commission 
20. Who is administerd “Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana” = LIC
21. Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned________at the Naval base and most powerful 
guided missile-destroyer – INS Kolkata
22. How much amount for ” Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana”- Rs. 500 cr. 
23. Surya Kiran-7 military exercise is being held between india and- Nepal
24. what we call -------(some story telling) in A.P and Telangana - Hari Katha
25. How much capital to be infused in banks to meet Basel-III norms by 2018 as per union budget – Rs 2.40 lakh crore
26. Capital of Australia- Canberra

IBPS RRB PO 13th September Morning Shift Ga Questions

1. NDTL full form- Net Demand and time Liability
2.Capital of ethiopa - Addis Ababa
3. World Red Cross day- May 8
4. Currency of libya- Libyan dinar
5. What is INS Kamrota?-anti-submarine
6. New PAC Chairman-Congress leader K V Thomas
7. Director of movie Gandhi who died recently-Richard Attenborough
8. Cartonist Pran was famous for which cartoon character- Chacha Chaudhary
9. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Minister- Kalraj Mishra
10. Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar - ONGC
11. New Deputy Governor of RBI-.S.S mundra 
12 Drug for Ebola Virus- ZMapp 
13. Shiva Trilogy Author- Amish Tripathi
14. Jan Dhan yojna Insurance cover- Rs 1 lakh
15.Eco tourism in railway announced in which state- Northeast states 
16. Ragala venkat Rahul is associated with which sports- Weightlifter( won first medal for India at second Youth Olympic Games)
17. Which country celebrated 95th independence day- Afghanistan 
18. Kruger National Park- South Africa 
19. Where is jagannath rath yatra took place- Puri Orrisa 
20. Sunidhi chauhan awarded dada phalke award for which song- Kamli from the film Dhoom 3 
21. which commission abolished by pm modi- Planning Commission 
22. IIEST full form- Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology
23. where Nivea installed manufacturing Plant- Sanand, gujarat 
24. Who has written the book Hard Choices- Hillary Rodham Clinton 
25. RuPay card is launched by- National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
26. Name of transaction in which we doesn’t swipe card, but use details of card – Online transaction
27. Which agency set standards for individual customers and SME- BCSBI

IBPS RRB PO 13th September Evening Shift Ga Questions 

1.Who is women and child development minister- menaka gandhi
2. Capital of uzbekistan- Tashkent
3. Currency of portugal- Euro
4. Total number of districts in India according to Census 2011: 640
5. Neeranchal to give impetus to watershed development in the country with an initial outlay of – Rs 2,142 crore
6. World Vitiligo Day: 25 June
7. Slumdog Millionaire director- Danny Boyle 
8. Hydroelctric Power Plant in Kargil Distrcit : Chutak Hydroelectric Plant 
9. According to railway minister in rail budget how many people travel daily by train- 23 million
10. INS kolkata is developed by- Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) and made by Mazagon Dock Limited
11. To which telecom company reliance is linked up- tata docomo and aircel 
12. What is Over drat limit for jan dhan yojana- Rs 5000
13. Telangana official festival- Bathukamma
14.EMI full form- Equated Monthly Installment
15. Dronacharya award for wrestling given to- Mahabir Prasad
16.Neeranchal amount allocation in budget – Rs. 2142 Crore
17. one question about naval exercise recntly conducted by India and -China
18. Padma bhushan awardee jayant mahelakar related to which field- Science and technology( Ahe is a chemical engineer)

IBPS RRB PO 14th September Morning Shift Ga Questions

1. Currency of Germany- Euro
2. Irom Chanu Sharmila belongs to which state- Manipur
3. Ozone day was observed on- September 16th 
4. Romancing with life is the autobiography of which actor- Dev Anand
5. financial inclusion scheme- jan dhan yojna 
6. Ireland capital- dublin
7. Smart city fund- 7060 crore 
8.8. khel protsahan puraskaar for nurturing and budding youth talent -Jindal Steel Works
9.state with 93.91% literacy rate? Kerela
10. BSBDA max investment in one year? - 1 lakh
11 Where is Mullaperiyar Dam situated ? Idukki District of Kerala,
12. Full form of FATF? Financial Action Task Force
12-member selection panel, headed by legendary cricketer Kapil Dev,did not recommend anyone one for which award?Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna.award
14.Information and Broadcasting union minister-Prakash Jawarker
15. Sushil kumar , bajarang related to sport- Wrestling 
16.Committee on Obsolete Laws is headed by – Ramanujam
17.Recently, Ice Bucket Challenge is more often in news. Why is this being organized? – To donate to people suffering from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
18.Next New Coin May Be come by Rbi.. Rs 100
19. Who became the ambassador of turn back crime campaign of interpol -- Shah rukh khan
20.Name of the traditional tea offered to PM Narendra Modi by Japanese PM – Chanayu.....
21. What is the minimum pension - Rs. 1000 
22. which state of Highest percentage of Literate- Kerala
23. .Railway total employee- 13.1 lakh

IBPS RRB Clerk 14th September Evening Shift Ga Questions

1.Arvind Mayaram Committee is related to - FDI
2. US open 2014 Men's Runner up NISHIKORI Belongs to – JAPAN
3. GDP rate of India as per ADB – 5.5%
4. Agriculture rate as per Union Budget 2014-15 - 3.6%
5. Chairman of Indian Agricultural Research Institute- Dr. H S Gupta
6.Full form of ISRO - The Indian Space Research Organisation
7.Currency of China - Yuan
8. Sex ratio as per Census 2011 – 940: 1000
9. Sania Mirza is become brand Ambassdor of which state- Telengana
10. Dificiency of Vitamin D is called - osteomalacia
11. Neel Mukherjee is Famous for-Author
12. Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy Minister– Piyush Goyal
13. WHich Film got the National flm Award in ‘’ Best Children's Film” CATEGOTY? -KAPHAL
14.Who is Chairman of 14th Finace Commission- Dr. Y.V.Reddy
15. Palakkad District is famous for? – 100% Banking 
16. Which state is suffering from Landslide problems- TAMIL NADU
17.What is EBOLA? - Virus
18. Full form of CSAT-Civil Services Aptitude Test
19. Who won the first battle of Panipat – Babur(The First Battle of Panipat (1526), between the Mughal Babur and the Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, resulting in a Mughal victory.)

IBPS RRB Clerk 17 September Morning Shift Ga Questions

1. Bankok is the capital of which country- Thailand
2. Telangan's state brand ambassador - Sania Mirza
3. Age limit for juvenile to be carried in court for heinous crime- 16 years
4. India's rank in CWG 2014 -5th
5. Number one country in human development Index- Norway
6. A book Strictly Personal, Manmohan and Gursharan written by- Daman Singh
7. Who is civil Aviation Minister- Ashok Gajapathi Raju
8. Parupalli Kashyap is related to with which game - Badminton
9. K. Sanjita chanu belongs from which state - Manipur
10Tiger wood is related with which game- Golf
11. Novok Djokovic is related to which game - Tennis
12. According to Union budget 2014-15, Agricultural university will open in which state – Andhra Pradesh & Rajasthan
13.Gandhi Nagar is the capital of which state- Gujarat
14. What is current CRR Rate - 4%
15. HUCK term related to which game- Ultimate Frisbee
16. Jitu Rai is associated with - Shooting
17. Ban Ki -moon is the Secretary-General of – UN

IBPS RRB Clerk 17th September Evening Shift Ga Questions

1. Capital of Maldives- Malé
2. Roger Feredar is related to which game – Tennis
3.Which country tops medal tally in CWE 2014 games – England
4.Which country finished 2nd rank in medal tally in CWE 2014 games -Australia
5. Nalanda university is located in which state –Bihar
6. ISIS is active in which state – Iraq
7. Mars Orbiter Mission, informally called - Mangalyaan
8. Which state has large number of tigers- Karnataka
9. What is the age limit for voting right- 18 years
10. Who is the head of UNESCO - Irina Bokova
11. Rainfall density is highest in which state- Cherrapunji, Meghalaya
12. What is HAL Dhruv - It is a utility helicopter developed and manufactured by India’s Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
13. Governor of U.P – Ram Naik
14. Which organisation gives loan to landless farmer- NABARD
15. BRICS bank head office will be located in which country- Shangai, China
16.How much % SLR cut down in monetary policy - 0.5%
17.Minimum paid-up capital for payment banks – Rs 100 Crore

IBPS RRB Clerk 20th september Ga Questions Morning Shift

1. Home Minister of India- Rajnath Singh
2. Current CRR- 4%
3. Agartala is capital of- Tripura
4. Yogeshwar Datta related with which Sport - wrestler
5. who is H.R. Khan- Deputy governor of RBI
6. Bihar Chief Minister- Jitan Ram Manjhi
7. Oslo is the capital of- Norway
8. OP Kohli Governor of which State- gujrat
9. In Monetary policy which rate change- SLR
10. fullform of SEBI- Securities and Exchange Board of India 
11. Christine Lagarde is related with- IMF
12. Founder of congress- Allan Octavian Hume
13. How many aims dicided to make in budget- 5
14. Who is the railway minister- D V Sadananda Gowda
15.K R kamath is the CMD of- PNB
16. Rory mcllroy related with which game- Golf
17. ulberg hill stattion situated in - Kashmir
18. Modi visited which country in august 1st week- Nepal
19.PSLV-23 is launched from- Shri Harikota
20. Semi high speed train route- Delhi-agra

Friday 24 October 2014

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS 4

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS:-

1. Spark Plug: -

 A spark plug is a device used in an internal combustion engine that is, an engine that derives its power via exploding gases inside a combustion chamber to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
 Cars typically have four-stroke gasoline engines, which means there are four strokes, or movements, to the moving parts inside the engine per rotation. Inside each cylinder is a piston, which moves up and down within the cylinder to compress the gas for combustion, and pushes the exhaust gases out after combustion. The piston is operated by an arm that attaches to the crankshaft, a shaft that extends through the bottom of the engine. The piston goes up and down twice during each rotation, hence the four strokes -- up, down, up, down. 
The spark plug is positioned at the top of the cylinder, where the air-fuel ratio is compressed. The tip of the plug sits inside the engine, recessed into the side of the cylinder wall. The other end remains outside the engine and is attached to a wire that is also attached to the distributor.

2. Independent Suspension System :- 

When a vehicle is said to have Independent suspension system it means that the suspension system is set up in such a way as to allow the allow the wheels on the left and right side of the vehicle to move vertically independently of each other while driving on uneven surfaces.
This is achieved by not directly connecting the wheels together on the rigid axle.
In this suspension system the unsprung weight of the vehicle is decreased , softer springs are permissible and front - wheel vibration problems are minimized.

3. Supercharger:- 

A supercharger is an air compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an
internal combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and do more work, thus increasing power.
Power for the supercharger can be provided mechanically by means of a belt, gear, shaft, or chain connected to the engine's crankshaft. When power is provided by a turbine powered by exhaust gas, a supercharger is known as a turbo supercharger typically referred to simply as a turbocharger or just turbo

4. Unsprung Weight:- 

Unsprung weight is an important concept.This is the weight of a vehicles components that is not supported by the suspension system of the vehicle.  The Unsprung weight includes wheels , brakes , tyres , the rear axle assembly and other structural members that are not supported by the springs. 

OR
We can say that all the parts outboard from the suspension springs.
In Formula-1 car , we should say semi-sprung rather than unsprung because each tyre acts as a spring in its own in F-1 car

5. Turboprop Engine:-

A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear. 
The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller attached at the front of the engine.
The engine's exhaust gases do not contain enough energy as compared to a jet engine, to create significant thrust in the propulsion of the aircraft.
The propeller is coupled to the turbine through a reduction gear that converts the high RPM, low torque output to low RPM, high torque. 
Because of improvements in turbojet design, the turboprop, which is less efficient at high speeds, lost much of its importance in the 1960s, though it is still used for relatively short-range aircraft.

6. Ramjet Engine :-

A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a flying stovepipe, or an athodyd which is an abbreviation of Aero thermodynamic duct, is a form of airbreathing jet engine using the engine's forward motion to compress incoming air, without a rotary compressor.

Key Points:-
>Ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed, thus they cannot move an aircraft from a standstill.

>Ramjets can be particularly useful in applications requiring a small and simple mechanism for high- speed use, such as missiles or artillery shells.




Thursday 23 October 2014

TECHNOLOGIES USE IN AUTOMOBILE

TECHNOLOGIES USE IN AUTOMOBILE

HONDA ECO TECHNOLOGY:-


In keeping with its strategic approach of Mileage Up for maximizing customer satisfaction, Honda launched the all new Honda Eco technology in 2013, making the Most Fuel Efficient 2W in India!
The new Honda Eco Technology boosts fuel efficiency of Honda's products resulting in a Dream Mileage.


This revolutionary mileage benchmark is yet another milestone from Honda.
Forming the crux of the revolutionary Honda Eco Technology is the trio of improved combustion, significantly reduced friction and optimized transmission in Honda engine:

Reduced friction by offset crank, significant weight reduction of reciprocating parts, low tension piston ring and improved bearing oil seal.

Improved combustion with highly ignitable nickel spark plug and optimized inlet port.

By optimizing Pulley converter ratio & driving force, the power has been maintained & mileage has been increased.

TRIPLE SPARK TECHNOLOGY :-


Along with the announcement of the new Pulsar 200NS,came a new technology named Triple Spark technology. Which is being used in the new bike. In simple words, the triple spark technology is nothing but a engine with 3 spark plugs housed in it.

To make use of 3 spark plugs, the pulsar engine houses a pent roof combustion chamber which in turn allows to house 3 spark plugs in the engine chamber. Out of the three plugs, the primary plug is the center one and is mounted in an angle and enters the chamber at the top-center. The other two secondary plugs are mounted below, each opposite each other and one of them being vertically underneath the primary plug.

The secondary plugs fires a bit after the primary one has fired and the timings are controlled by the ECU depending on various parameters like throttle position, engine revs,load on engine and many other stuffs. According to Bajaj, these plugs gain a advantage in low-rev riding condition where it extracts the best economy.Compared to KTM Duke 200 in similar conditions it gives as much as 10-13kmpl more,however the difference vanishes at higher revs and high speed.


MPFI TECHNOLOGY:-


MPFI means – Multi-point Fuel-Injection system.

The term MPFI is used to specify a technology used in Gasoline/petrol Engines. 

For Diesel Engines, there is a similar technology called CRDI.
MPFI System is a system which uses a small computer or microchip, to control the Car’s Engine. 

A Petrol car’s engine usually has three or more cylinders or fuel burning zones. So in case of an MPFI engine, there is one fuel –injector installed near each cylinder, that is why they call it Multi-point (more than one points) Fuel Injection.

MPFI emerged an Intelligent way to do what the Carburetor does. In MPFI system, each cylinder has one injector (which makes it multi-point).

Each of these Injectors are controlled by one central car computer. This computer is a small micro-processor, which keeps telling each Injector about how much petrol and at what time it needs to inject near the cylinder so that only the required amount of petrol goes into the cylinder at the right moment.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING  INTERVIEW QUESTIONS :-


1.)What causes hardness in steel ?  How heat treatment alters properties of steel ?

Ans: The shape and distribution of the carbides in the iron determines the hardness of the steel. Carbides can be dissolved in austenite is the basis of the heat treatment of steel. If steel is heated above the A critical temperature to dissolve all the carbides, and then cooled, suitable cooling through the cooling range will produce the desired size and distribution of carbides in the ferrite, imparting different properties.

2.)What is the difference between streamline body and bluff body ?

Ans: In streamline body the shape is such that separation in flow occurs past the nearmost part of the body so that wake formed is small and thus friction drag is much greater than pressure drag. In bluff body the flow gets separated much ahead of its rear resulting in large wake and thus pressure drag is much greater than the friction drag.

3.)Define hydraulically efficient channel cross section.

Ans: The shape of such section is that which produces minimum wetted perimeter for a given area of flow and carries maximum
flow.

4.)What is the difference between alpha iron, delta iron and gamma iron ?

Ans: The bcc form of iron exists between room temperature and 910°C, and between 1400°C and the melting point at 1539°C. The lower temperature form is known as "alpha"-iron and the higher temperature form as "delta"-iron. The face-centered cubic form existing between 910°C and 1400°C is referred to as "gamma-iron".



5.)Explain the difference between the points of inflexion and contraflexure.

Ans: At points of inflexion in a loaded beam the bending moment is zero and at points of contraflexure in loaded beam the bending moment changes sign from increasing to decreasing

6.)What do you understand by eutectic ?

Ans: It is mechanical mixture of two or more phases which solidify simultaneously from the liquid alloy.

7.)Under what condition a convergent divergent nozzle required ?

Ans: When pressure ratio is greater than critical pressure ratio.

8.)What is the difference between isotropic material and homogeneous material ?

Ans: In homogeneous material the composition is same throughout and in isotropic material the elastic constants are same in all directions.


9.)What do you understand by catenary cable ?

Ans: A cable attached to the supports and carrying its own weight.

10.)What is the difference between basic hole and basic shaft ?

Ans: A basic hole is one whose lower deviation is zero and in case of basic shaft the upper deviation is zero.

11.)Why should a chain drive be used over a belt or rope driven drive? State pro`s and con`s?

The advantages of using a chain drives are:
  •  In a chain drive no slip occurrence takes place.
  •  The chains take less space as compared to rope or belts as they are made of metal and offer much strength.
  •  The chain drives can be used at both short and long ranges and they offer a high level of transmission efficiency.
  •  Chain drives can transmit more load and power as compared to belts.
  •  A very high speed ratio can be maintained in one step of chain drives. 


Some of the cons of using a chain drive are:
  •  The cost of producing chain drives is higher as compared to that of belts.
  •  The chain drives must be serviced and maintained at regular intervals and henceforth their cost of ownership is high comparatively.


12.)Briefly explain the advantages of Cycloidal and Involute gears?

The advantages of the Cycloidal gears are as follows: 
  •  Having a wider flank as compared to Involute gears they are considered to have more strength and hence can withstand further load and stress.
  •  The contact in case of cycloidal gears is between the concave surface and the convex flank. This results in less wear and tear.
  •  No interference occurs in these types of gears.


The advantages of Involute gears are as follows:
  •  The primary advantage of involute gears is that it allows the changing of the centre distance of a pair without changing the velocity ratio. 
  •  The pressure angle remains constant from start to end teeth, this results in less wear and smooth running of the gears.
  •  The involute gears are easier to manufacture as they can be generated in a single curve ( the face and flank )


13.)What is Sentinel Relief Valve? 

Ans. It’s a special type valve system. The valve will open when exhaust casing pressure is excessive (high). The valve warns the operator only; it is not intended to relieve the casing pressure. 

14.)What is the difference between Specification,Codes, Standards?

Ans. Specification is describing properties of any type of materials. Code is procedure of acceptance and rejection criteria. 
Standard is accepted values and compare
other with it.

15.) What is difference between Welding and Brazing? 

Ans. In Welding concentrated heat (high temperature) is applied at the joint of metal and fuse together. In Brazing involves significantly lower temperatures and does not entail the melting of base metals. Instead, a filler metal is melted and forced to flow into the joint through capillary action.

16.)On what basis can sliding contact bearings be classified? Explain?

Sliding contact bearings can be classified on the basis of the thickness of the lubricating agent layer between the bearing and the journal. They can be classified as follows:
  •  Thick film bearings: These type of bearings have their working surface separated by a layer of the lubricant. They are also known as hydrodynamic lubricated bearings.

  •  Thin film bearings: In this type of bearings the surfaces are partially in direct contact with each other even after the presence of a lubricant. The other name for such type of bearings is boundary lubricated bearings.

  •  Zero Film Bearings: These type of bearings as their name suggests have no lubricant present between the contact layers.

  •  Externally or hydrostatically pressurized lubricated bearings: These bearings are able to without any relative motion support steady loads



17.)How does nitrous oxide help an engine perform better?

We know about how sodium chlorate acts as a way to store oxygen. You release the oxygen in sodium chlorate by heating it. It turns out that nitro­us oxide (N20) works exactly the same way. When you heat nitrous oxide to about 570 degrees F (~300 C), it splits into oxygen and nitrogen. So the injection of nitrous oxide into an engine means that more oxygen is available during combustion. Because you have more oxygen, you can also inject more fuel, allowing the same engine to produce more power. Nitrous oxide is one of the simplest ways to provide a significant horsepower boost to any gasoline engine.
Nitrous oxide has another effect that improves performance even more. When it vaporizes, nitrous oxide provides a significant cooling effect on the intake air. When you reduce the intake air temperature, you increase the air's density, and this provides even more oxygen inside the cylinder.
The only problem with nitrous oxide is that it is fairly bulky, and the engine needs a lot of it. Like any gas, it takes up a fair amount of space even when compressed into a liquid. A 5-liter engine running at 4,000 rotations per minute (rpm) consumes about 10,000 liters of air every minute (compared to about 0.2 liters of gasoline), so it would take a tremendous amount of nitrous oxide to run a car continuously. Therefore, a car normally carries only a few minutes of nitrous oxide, and the driver uses it very selectively by pushing a button.

18.)Why does a car's engine get hot when it is running?

A car's engine is not efficient.
The engine works by converting chemical energy in the form of fuel to the mechanical energy (work) that drives the wheels and makes the car move.
But only about 20 to 30 percent of the chemical energy is actually converted to mechanical energy. What happens to the remaining 70 to 80%?
It gets converted to heat.
In fact, thermodynamics tells us that we cannot convert the fuel completely into work. This is the result of the famous Second Law of Thermodynamics


19.) What is the difference between drum brakes and disc brakes?

In Drum brakes a hollow drum is attached to the wheel of the vehicle called the hub and inside that hollow hub two break linings or shoes are fixed , with a mechanism of pushing them towards the inner surface of the hub and when we apply break pedal to stop the vehicle, the break shoes apply the force against the inner surface of the drum and stops the vehicle. It is of two types one is mechanical and the other is hydraulic based and in the hydraulic system 'Break fluid ' is used. 

In case of Disc brakes there is a metal disk made up of high quality metal is fixed to the wheel having both the side of the disk fully polished and there are break shoes holding on both the side of the disk in opposite direction and when the break is applied both the break shoes press against the disc and hold together the disk tightly resulting in the immediate stop of the vehicle. 

Disc brakes perform better in wet weather, because centrifugal force tends to fling water off the brake disc and keep it dry, whereas drum brakes will collect some water on the inside surface where the brake shoes contact the drums.

The disk breaks are also visible outer side of the vehicle and the drum brakes are built inside the hub

20.)Why do disc brake pads have holes?

Today's modern disc brakes were holed either with drilling or slotting. The reason for providing these holes in the disc brakes are as follows :-

(1.) To lessen the heat generation due to friction. The holes help the escape of heat.

(2.) The second reason is gas build up.This is not a problem in new disc brakes but the material used in the older disc brakes caused gases to build up.

(3.) The third reason is water. The water enter the pads surface and cause slippery.

So having drilled holes on a brake rotor makes it easy for heat , gas and water to be quickly moved away from the rotor surface , keeping the brake performance strong.


HYDROGEN POWERED CAR

HYDROGEN POWERED CAR


A Hydrogen Powered Car is one that uses the gas hydrogen as a fuel source. There are basically two ways in which hydrogen is used:

1. Hydrogen is converted to electricity through the process of hydrolysis, powering electric motors driving the car along.

2. A conventional engine burns combustible hydrogen gas in the place of diesel or petrol. An adapted car engine drives the wheels around propelling the vehicle forwards/backwards, in exactly the same way as a petrol / diesel fuelled car.

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF THIS CAR IS THAT THE EXHAUST OF A HYDROGEN POWERED CAR - WATER IS THE ONLY BY-PRODUCT.

A fuel cell is an essential part of a hydrogen car producing electricity to drive motors. It consists of three parts - the ANODE, CATHODE and CATALYST.

Hydrogen is fed under pressure into the ANODE where it produces electrons and they are conducted through the ANODE and around the external circuit driving the motors. Water is the only by-product and this is produced at the CATHODE.
One fuel cell is not enough to produce meaningful power, so cells are arranged in stacks

The CATALYST is essential as it starts the chemical reactions necessary to ‘free, electrons, creating electricity.