Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will, one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine”. Learn more about the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to 2014.

Number of Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine: 105 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been awarded since 1901. It was not awarded on nine occasions: in 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941 and 1942.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics

Number of Shared and Unshared Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine:

38 Medicine Prizes have been given to one Laureate only.

32 Medicine Prizes have been shared by two Laureates.

35 Medicine Prizes have been shared between three Laureates.

Number of Nobel Laureates* in Physiology or Medicine: 207 individuals have been awarded 1901-2014.

Facts on the Prize in Economic Sciences

Average Age: The average age of all Medicine Laureates between 1901 and 2014 is 58 years.

Youngest Medicine Laureate: To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine is Frederick G. Banting, who was 32 years old when he was awarded the Medicine Prize in 1923.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature

Oldest Medicine Laureate: The oldest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine to date is Peyton Rous, who was 87 years old when he was awarded the Medicine Prize in 1966.

Female Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine: Of the 207 individuals awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, only 11 are women. Of these 11, Barabara McClintock is the only one who has received an unshared Nobel Prize.

1947 - Gerty Cori

1977 - Rosalyn Yalow

1983 - Barbara McClintock

1986 - Rita Levi-Montalcini

1988 - Gertrude B. Elion

1995 - Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

2004 - Linda B. Buck

2008 - Françoise Barré-Sinoussi

2009 - Elizabeth H. Blackburn and Carol W. Greider

2014 - May-Britt Moser

List of Noble Prize Winner Women

Multiple Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine: No one has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine more than once. Yet

Family Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine:

Married couple:

1.     Gerty Cori and Carl Cori, both awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

2.     May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser, both awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Father & son:

1.     Hans von Euler-Chelpin (Chemistry Prize) and Ulf von Euler (Medicine Prize)

2.     Arthur Kornberg (Medicine Prize) and Roger D. Kornberg (Chemistry Prize)

Brothers: Jan Tinbergen (Economics Prize) and Nikolaas Tinbergen (Medicine Prize)

Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize

Nominations for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1901-1953): In the nomination database, you can find interesting nomination trivia, for example, that the Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was nominated 32 times for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, but never awarded. In 1929, the Nobel Committee for Medicine engaged an expert who concluded that a further investigation in Freud was not necessary, since Freud's work was of no proven scientific value. Freud was also nominated once for the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature by Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, an acquaintance of Freud.

 Frederick G. Banting and John Macleod were awarded the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine the first year they were nominated (with three nominations) for their discovery of insulin. By contrast, Robert Koch was nominated 55 times over 4 years before he received the Prize in 1905 for his discoveries concerning tuberculosis, while Ferdinand Sauerbruch, the great German surgeon, never got the prize despite 54 nominations during 14 years. This type of information, and much more, is available in the Nomination Database spanning the years 1901-1951. The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1901-1951 (http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/medicine/database.html)

All Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 105 times to 207 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2014. Click on the links to get more information. 

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/

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Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will, one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics”. Learn more about the Nobel Prize in Physics from 1901 to 2014.

Number of Nobel Prizes in Physics: 108 Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded since 1901. It was not awarded on six occasions: in 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, and 1942.

Facts on the Prize in Economic Sciences

Number of Shared and Unshared Nobel Prizes in Physics:

47 Physics Prizes have been given to one Laureate only.

31 Physics Prizes have been shared by two Laureates.

30 Physics Prizes have been shared between three Laureates.

Number of Nobel Laureates* in Physics: The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to 199 Laureates 1901-2014. As John Bardeen has been awarded twice there are 198 individuals who have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics since 1901.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Average Age: The average age of all Physics Laureates between 1901 and 2014 is 55 years.

Youngest Physics Laureate: To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Physics is Lawrence Bragg, who was 25 years old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize together with his father in 1915. Bragg is not only the youngest Physics Laureate, he is also the youngest Nobel Laureate in any Nobel Prize category.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature

Oldest Physics Laureate: The oldest Nobel Laureate in Physics to date is Raymond Davis Jr., who was 88 years old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2002.

Female Nobel Laureates in Physics: Of the 198 individuals awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, only two are women.

1903 - Marie Curie (also awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.)

1963 - Maria Goeppert-Mayer

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Multiple Nobel Laureates in Physics: John Bardeen is the only

person who has received the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize twice, once in Physics and once in Chemistry.

Family Nobel Laureates in Physics:

Married couples:

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize a second time in 1911, this time receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

(One of Marie and Pierre Curie's daughters, Irène Joliot-Curie , was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 together with her husband Frédéric Joliot.)

Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize

Father & son:

(All awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.)

William Bragg and Lawrence Bragg, 1915

Niels Bohr, 1922 and Aage N. Bohr, 1975

Manne Siegbahn, 1924 and Kai M. Siegbahn, 1981

J. J. Thomson, 1906 and George Paget Thomson, 1937

 All Nobel prizes in Physics: The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded 108 times to 199 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2014. John Bardeen is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice, in 1956 and 1972. This means that a total of 198 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Physics. Click on the links to get more information.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/

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Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. Learn more about the Nobel Prize in Literature from 1901 to 2014

Facts on the Prize in Economic Sciences

Number of Nobel Prizes in Literature: 107 Nobel Prizes in Literature have been awarded since 1901. It was not awarded on seven occasions: in 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, and 1943.

Number of Shared Nobel Prizes in Literature: The Nobel Prize in Literature has been shared between two individuals on four occasions only. Sharing the Nobel Prize is a more common phenomenon within the other Nobel Prize categories.

1904 - Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray

1917 - Karl Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan

1966 - Shmuel Agnon, Nelly Sachs

1974 - Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Number of Nobel Laureates* in Literature:  111 individuals have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901-2014.

Average Age: The average age of all Literature Laureates between 1901 and 2014 is 65 years.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics

Youngest Literature Laureate: To date, the youngest Literature Laureate is Rudyard Kipling, best known for The Jungle Book, who was 42 years old when he was awarded the Literature Prize in 1907.

Oldest Literature Laureate: The oldest Nobel Laureate in Literature to date is Doris Lessing, who was 88 years old when she was awarded the Prize in 2007.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Female Nobel Laureates in Literature: 13 women have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf (1858-1940) was the first woman to be awarded in 1909. Selma Lagerlöf was awarded five years before she was elected to the Swedish Academy, the Nobel Prize awarding institution responsible for selecting Nobel Laureates in Literature.

1909 - Selma Lagerlöf

1926 - Grazia Deledda

1928 - Sigrid Undset

1938 - Pearl Buck

1945 - Gabriela Mistral

1966 - Nelly Sachs

1991 - Nadine Gordimer

1993 - Toni Morrison

1996 - Wislawa Szymborska

2004 - Elfriede Jelinek

2007 - Doris Lessing

2009 - Herta Müller

2013 - Alice Munro

List of Noble Prize Winner Women

Two People have Declined the Nobel Prize in Literature: Boris Pasternak, the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature, "Accepted first, later caused by the authorities of his country (Soviet Union) to decline the Prize".

Jean Paul Sartre, the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he had consistently declined all official honours.

Multiple Nobel Laureates in Literature: No one has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature more than once.

Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize

Number of Nobel Laureates in Literature Sorted in Languages:

Rabindranath Tagore (Nobel Prize in Literature 1913) wrote in Bengali and English, Samuel Beckett (Nobel Prize in Literature 1969) wrote in French and English and Joseph Brodsky (Nobel Prize in Literature 1987) wrote poetry in Russian and prose in English. These three Nobel Laureates have been sorted under Bengali, French and Russian, respectively.

All Nobel Prizes in Literature: The Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded 107 times to 111 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2014. Click on the links to get more information.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/

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Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement”. Learn more about the Nobel Prize in Chemistry from 1901 to 2014.

Facts on the Prize in Economic Sciences

Number of Nobel Prizes in Chemistry: 106 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded since 1901. It was not awarded on eight occasions: in 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941 and 1942.

Number of Shared and Unshared Nobel Prizes in Chemistry

63 Chemistry Prizes have been given to one Laureate only.

23 Chemistry Prizes have been shared by two Laureates.

20 Chemistry Prizes have been shared between three Laureates.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Number of Nobel Laureates* in Chemistry: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 169 Laureates 1901-2014. As Frederick Sanger has been awarded twice, there are 168 individuals who have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry since 1901.

Average Age: The average age of all Chemistry Laureates between 1901 and 2014 is 58 years.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics

Youngest Chemistry Laureate: To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Chemistry is Frédéric Joliot, who was 35 years old when he was awarded the Chemistry Prize in 1935, together with his wife, Irène Joliot-Curie.

Oldest Chemistry Laureate: The oldest Nobel Laureate in Chemistry to date is John B. Fenn, who was 85 years old when he was awarded the Chemistry Prize in 2002.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature

Female Nobel Laureates in Chemistry: Of the 168 individuals awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, four are women so far. Two of these four women, Marie Curie and Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, were awarded with unshared Chemistry Prizes.

1911 - Marie Curie (also awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics)

1935 - Irène Joliot-Curie (daughter of Marie Curie and wife to Frédéric Joliot)

1964 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

2009 - Ada Yonath

List of Noble Prize Winner Women

Multiple Nobel Laureates in Chemistry: Linus Pauling is the only person who have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes.

Family Nobel Laureates in Chemistry:

The Curies were the most successful "Nobel Prize family”. The husband-and-wife partnership of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie were awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. Marie Curie herself was awarded the Nobel Prize a second time, receiving the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Marie and Pierre Curie's eldest daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with her husband, Frédéric Joliot. The younger daughter, Ève Curie, worked for the UNICEF and was married to Henry R. Labouisse. He accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of UNICEF in 1965.

More "Nobel Prize families", where at least one member was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry:

Hans von Euler-Chelpin (father), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1929.

Ulf von Euler (son), Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1970.

Arthur Kornberg (father), Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1959.

Roger D. Kornberg (son), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2006.

Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize

Forced to Decline the Nobel Prize:

Two Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have been forced by authorities to decline the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade three German Nobel Laureates from receiving the Nobel Prize - two of whom were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Richard Kuhn in 1938 and Adolf Butenandt in 1939. The third person, Gerhard Domagk was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1939. All of them could receive the Nobel Prize Diploma and Medal later, but not the prize amount.

Nobel Laureate Partnerships in Biomedical Science: Many long scientific partnerships have resulted in Nobel Prizes:

All Nobel prizes in Chemistry: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 106 times to 169 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2014. Frederick Sanger is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This means that a total of 168 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Click on the links to get more information.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/

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Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize

Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will, one part was dedicated to "the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". Learn more about the Nobel Peace Prize from 1901 to 2014.

Number of Nobel Peace Prizes: 95 Nobel Peace Prizes have been awarded since 1901. It was not awarded on 19 occasions: in 1914-1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939-1943, 1948, 1955-1956, 1966-1967 and 1972.

Number of Shared and Unshared Nobel Peace Prizes:

64 Peace Prizes have been given to one Laureate only.

29 Peace Prizes have been shared by two Laureates.

2 Peace Prizes has been shared between three persons. The 1994 Nobel Peace Prize to Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, and the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature

Number of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates: The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to 128 Laureates - to 103 individuals and 25 organizations. Since Comité International de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) was awarded three times and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded twice there are 103 individuals and 22 organizations that have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Average Age: The average age of all Nobel Peace Laureates between 1901 and 2014 is 61 years.

Youngest Peace Laureate: To date, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate is Malala Yousafzai, 17 years old when awarded the 2014 Peace Prize.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Oldest Peace Laureate: The oldest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate to date is Joseph Rotblat, who was 87 years old when he was awarded the Prize in 1995.

Female Nobel Peace Prize Laureates: Of the 103 individuals awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 16 are women. The first time a Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to a woman was in 1905, to Bertha von Suttner.

1905 - Bertha von Suttner

1931 - Jane Addams

1946 - Emily Greene Balch

1976 - Betty Williams

1976 - Mairead Corrigan

1979 - Mother Teresa

1982 - Alva Myrdal

1991 - Aung San Suu Kyi

1992 - Rigoberta Menchú Tum

1997 - Jody Williams

2003 - Shirin Ebadi

2004 - Wangari Maathai

2011 - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

2011 - Leymah Gbowee

2011 - Tawakkol Karman

2014 - Malala Yousafzai

List of Noble Prize Winner Women

Multiple Nobel Peace Prize Laureates:

The work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has been honored the most - three times - by a Nobel Peace Prize. In addition, the founder of the ICRC, Henry Dunant, was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.

Facts on the Prize in Economic Sciences

Three Nobel Peace Prize Laureates Have Been under Arrest at the Time of the Award:

German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky

Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi

Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo

Nobel Peace Prizes and Nominations in 100 Years: The 109 awarded individuals and organizations over the first one hundred years of the Nobel Peace Prize (1901-2001), and the 4857 nominees, can be distributed geographically and by organization as shown below:

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

How Many Times Can someone be nominated?

Jane Addams was nominated 91 times between 1916 and 1931, when she was finally awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. By contrast Emily Green Balch, Fridtjof Nansen and Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize the first year that they were nominated.

Nobel Prize Awarded Organizations: The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 25 times to organizations between 1901 and 2014. 22 individual organizations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1.     Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) 1917

2.     Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees) 1938

3.     Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) 1944

4.     American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers) 1947

5.     Friends Service Council (The Quakers) 1947

6.     Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1954

7.     Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies) 1963

8.     Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) 1963

9.     United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1965

10.            International Labour Organization (I.L.O.) 1969

11.            Amnesty International 1977

12.            Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1981

13.            International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 1985

14.            United Nations Peacekeeping Forces 1988

15.            Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 1995

16.            International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) 1997

17.            Médecins Sans Frontières 1999

18.            United Nations (U.N.) 2001

19.            International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 2005

20.            Grameen Bank 2006

21.            Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007

22.            European Union (EU) 2012

23.            Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 2013

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics

All Nobel Peace Prizes: The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 95 times to 128 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2014, 103 individuals and 25 organizations. Since the International Committee of the Red Cross has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize three times (in 1917, 1944 and 1963), and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize two times (in 1954 and 1981), there are 22 individual organizations which have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Click on the links to get more information.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/

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