Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
On 27
November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the
largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As
described in Nobel's will, one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have
made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine”.
Learn more about the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to 2014.
Number of Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine: 105 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been
awarded since 1901. It was not awarded on nine occasions: in 1915, 1916, 1917,
1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941 and 1942.
Number of Shared and Unshared Nobel Prizes in Physiology
or Medicine:
38 Medicine
Prizes have been given to one Laureate only.
32 Medicine
Prizes have been shared by two Laureates.
35 Medicine
Prizes have been shared between three Laureates.
Number of Nobel Laureates* in Physiology or Medicine: 207 individuals have been awarded 1901-2014.
Average Age: The average
age of all Medicine Laureates between 1901 and 2014 is 58 years.
Youngest Medicine Laureate: To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine is Frederick
G. Banting, who was 32 years old when he was awarded the Medicine Prize in
1923.
Oldest Medicine Laureate: The oldest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine to date is Peyton Rous,
who was 87 years old when he was awarded the Medicine Prize in 1966.
Female Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine: Of the 207 individuals awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine, only 11 are women. Of these 11, Barabara McClintock is
the only one who has received an unshared Nobel Prize.
1947 - Gerty
Cori
1977 -
Rosalyn Yalow
1983 -
Barbara McClintock
1986 - Rita
Levi-Montalcini
1988 -
Gertrude B. Elion
1995 -
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
2004 - Linda
B. Buck
2008 -
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
2009 -
Elizabeth H. Blackburn and Carol W. Greider
2014 -
May-Britt Moser
Multiple Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine: No one has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine more than once. Yet
Family Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine:
Married couple:
1.
Gerty Cori and Carl
Cori, both awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2.
May-Britt Moser and
Edvard I. Moser, both awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Father & son:
1.
Hans von
Euler-Chelpin (Chemistry Prize) and Ulf von Euler (Medicine Prize)
2.
Arthur Kornberg
(Medicine Prize) and Roger D. Kornberg (Chemistry Prize)
Brothers: Jan Tinbergen
(Economics Prize) and Nikolaas Tinbergen (Medicine Prize)
Nominations for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
(1901-1953): In the nomination database, you can find interesting
nomination trivia, for example, that the Austrian neurologist and founder of
psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was nominated 32 times for the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine, but never awarded. In 1929, the Nobel
Committee for Medicine engaged an expert who concluded that a further
investigation in Freud was not necessary, since Freud's work was of no proven
scientific value. Freud was also nominated once for the 1936 Nobel Prize in
Literature by Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, an acquaintance of Freud.
Frederick G. Banting and John Macleod were
awarded the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine the first year they were
nominated (with three nominations) for their discovery of insulin. By contrast,
Robert Koch was nominated 55 times over 4 years before he received the Prize in
1905 for his discoveries concerning tuberculosis, while Ferdinand Sauerbruch,
the great German surgeon, never got the prize despite 54 nominations during 14
years. This type of information, and much more, is available in the Nomination
Database spanning the years 1901-1951. The Nomination Database for the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1901-1951 (http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/medicine/database.html)
All Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been
awarded 105 times to 207 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2014. Click on the
links to get more information.
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