ASSAM – States of India

ASSAM – States of India

1. Key Information

1. Capital : Dispur
2. Geographical Feature: Landlocked state
3. Present Chief Minister : Tarun Gogoi
4. Present Governor : Janaki Vallabh Patnaik
5. Main language : Assamese
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1. Geographical Features of Assam

1. Assam is one of the seven north eastern states of the country
2. Assam touches boundary of 7 states of India and is the state which touches second largest number of states of the country (after Uttar Pradesh)
3. Assam also touches international boundaries of two countries – Bangladesh and Bhutan
4. Assam displays unique mix of plains and hilly terrain
5. Plains of Assam are primarily made by Brahmaputra River and its numerous tributaries
6. The Brahmaputra River is also called as ‘Life-line of Assam’ in spite of the fact that it brings immense floods to Assam
7. Majority of rains in Assam take place from the North-Eastern Monsoon system
8. Hilly region of Assam is situated on the Eastern Himalayas and Karbi-Anglong and North Kachar Hills

1. Assam’s Political and Historical Features

1. Evidence of human settlements in Assam dates back to the Neolithic Period
2. Ancient Assam was ruled by the Varman Kingdom and Kamrup is an old name of Assam
3. Chinese Buddhist traveler Hueng-Tsang wrote in his inscriptions that a powerful king named Bhaskar Varman ruled Assam (Kamrup) in the periods between 600-650 A.D.
4. Guwahati is the largest city of Assam and was known as Pragjyotishpura in ancient times

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PUNJAB – States of India

PUNJAB – States of India

 Key Information

 Capital : Chandigarh

 Geographical Feature: Landlocked state

 Present Chief Minister : Sardar Parkash Singh Badal

 Present Governor : Shivraj Patil

 Main language : Punjabi

 Geographical Features of Punjab

 Punjab is a landlocked state in the north of India

 Most of the state comprises of vast plain areas

 North areas of Punjab touch the Himalayan foothills whereas western boundary of Punjab touches fringes of vast Indian desert

 Punjab touches four states of India – Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan

 Punjab also touches union territory of Chandigarh and it is the state which envelopes Chandigarh from three sides

 Punjab’s international boundary touches Pakistan

 The name Punjab (meaning land of Five Rivers) is derived from five rivers which flow through this area. However, much of this Punjab is now in Pakistan after India’s partition in 1947

 Three major rivers to pass through India’s Punjab are –Sutlej, Ravi and Beas

 Punjab is famous for its extreme climate – Freezing cold in winters and extremely hot in summers

 Punjab has been divided into three regions – Malwa, Majha and Doaba

 Historical and Political Journey of Punjab

 Punjab is often called ‘the cradle of Indian civilization’ as it was an important part of the Indus Valley Civilization and the Vedic Civilization

 Harappa, one of the most important spots of the Indus Valley Civilization, is in the Pakistani Punjab

 Indian Punjab’s Ropar city was one of the important Indian cities of Indus Valley Civilization

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HARYANA – States of India

HARYANA – States of India

 Key Information

 Capital : Chandigarh

 Geographical Feature: Landlocked state

 Present Chief Minister : Bhupinder Singh Hooda

 Present Governor : Shivraj Patil

 Main language : Hindi (Haryanvi dialect)

 Geographical Features of Haryana

 Haryana is a landlocked state

 Haryana touches boundaries of 5 states – Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh

 Haryana also touches boundaries of NCR Delhi

 Haryana is the state which envelopes Delhi from three side (other side is that of Uttar Pradesh)

 Ghagghar is the most important river that passes through Haryana

 Haryana’s plains have been formed mainly by Ghagghar and   Yamuna

 The Aravali range touches Haryana’s south-west boundary

 Much of Haryana’s western areas are semi-desert

 Yamuna river forms a natural boundary between Haryana and Uttar Pradesh

 It is believed that Ghagghar is the mystic Saraswati River that was believed to have disappeared under desert some centuries back

 Haryana is the state with least area coming under forest cover (as a percentage of total area)

 Political and Historical importance of Haryana

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Indian Geography

Indian Geography

1) India lies in which hemispheres? – North-Eastern hemisphere

2) What is India’s physical position on the map? – Extends between 8°4’ N and 37°6’ N vertically (latitude-wise) and between 68°7’ E and 97°25’ E horizontally (longitude-wise)

3) What is India’s length from North to South? – 3214 Km (vertical length)

4) What is India’s length from East to West? – 2,933 Km (horizontal length)

5) What was India’s ancient names as mentioned in Indian mythology?- Bharatvarsha and Jamboo-dweep

6) India was part of which huge land-mass or super-continent? – Gondwanaland

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THE HIMALAYAN RANGE

THE HIMALAYAN RANGE

1) What is the general nature of the Great Himalayan Range? – It is one of the youngest mountain ranges of the world

2) What is the nature of extension of the Himalayan Range in India? – It extends from Jammu & Kashmir to the North-Eastern states of Manipur-Mizoram

3) What is the approximate length of Himalayas in India? – About 2,500 Km

4) Which is the most proven theory about evolution of Himalayas? – The Plate Tectonic Theory (A collision between two continental tectonic plates resulted in evolution of the Himalayas from bed of an old sea)

5) It has been proven that an ancient sea existed before evolution of the Himalayas. What was the name of this sea, whose evidences can still be seen in some Himalayan ranges? – Tethys Sea (Fossils of ocean creatures have been discovered in the Himalayas)

6) What is the popular name of Himalayas and Mt. Everest in Nepal? – Sagarmatha

7) The Himalayan Range has been classified under which 4 broad parts or categories? – A) Greater Himalaya or Himadri         B) Middle or Low Himalayas             C) Sub-Himalayas (Shivalik, etc.) and      D) Tibet Himalayas

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