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Sunday, 9 March 2014

Principal Rivers of the World

Principal Rivers of the World

River
Source
Outflow
Length (km)
Nile
Tributaries of Lake Victoria, Africa
Mediterranean Sea
6,690
Amazon
Glacier-fed lakes, Peru
Atlantic Ocean
6,296
Mississippi-Missouri-
Red Rock
Source of Red Rock, Montana
Gulf of Mexico
6,240
Yangtze Kiang
Tibetan Plateau, China
China Sea
5,797
Amur-Argun
Khingan Mts., China
Tatar Strait
5,780
Ob
Altai Mts., CIS
Gulf of Ob
5,567
Yellow (Huang Ho)
Eastern part of the Kunlan Mts., west China
Gulf of Chihli
4,667
Yenisei
Tannu-Ola Mts., western Tuva, CIS
Arctic Ocean
4,506
Parana
Conference of Paranaiba and Grande Rivers
Rio de la Plata
4,498
Irtish
Altai Mts., CIS
Ob River
4,434
Congo
Confluence of Lualaba and Luapula rivers, Zaire
Atlantic Ocean
4,371
Amur
Confluence of Shilka (CIS) and Argun (Manchuria) rivers
Tatar Strait
4,352
Lena
Baikal Mts., CIS
Arctic Ocean
4,268
Mackenzie
Head of Finlay river, British Colombia, Canada
Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean)
4,241
Niger
Guinea
Gulf of Guinea
4,184
Mekong
Tibetan highlands
South China Sea
4,023
Mississippi
Lake Itasca, Minnesota
Gulf of Mexico
3,779
Missouri
Confluence of Jefferson, Gallatin and Madison rivers, Montana
Mississippi River
3,726
Volga
Valdai Plateau, CIS
Caspian Sea
3,687
Madeira
Confluence of Beni and Maumore rivers, Bolivia-Brazil boundary
Amazon River
3,238
Purus
Peruvian Andes
Amazon River
3,238
San Francisco
Southwest Minas Gerais, Brazil
Atlantic Ocean
3,198
Yukon
Junction of Lewes and Pelly rivers, Yukon Territory, Canada
Bering Sea
3,185
St. Lawrence
Lake Ontario
Gulf of St. Lawrence
3,058
Rio Grande
San Juan Mrs. Colorado
Gulf of Mexico
3,034
Tunguska (Lower)
North of Lake Baikal, Russia
Yenesei River
2,995
Brahmaputra
Himalayas
Ganges River
2,897
Indus
Himalayas
Arabian Sea
2,897
Danube
Black Forest, Germany
Black Sea
2,842
Euphrates
Confluence of Murat Nehri and Kara Sun rivers, Turkey
Shatt-al-Arab
2,799
Darling
Central part of Eastern Highlands, Australia
Murray River
2,736
Zambezi
11? 21’S, 24? E, Zambia
Mozambique Channel
2,736
Tocantins
Goias, Brazil
Para River
2,699
Murray
Australian Alps, New South Wales
Indian Ocean
2,589
Nelson
Head of Bow River, western Alberta, Canada
Hudson Bay
2,575
Paraguay
Mato Grosso Plateau, Brazil
Parana River
2,549
Ural
South Ural Mts., CIS
Caspian Sea
2,533
Ganges
Himalayas
Bay of Bengal
2,506
Amu Darya (Oxus)
Nicolas Range, Pamir Mts.
Aral Sea
2,414
Japura
Andes Colombia
Amazon River
2,414
Salween
Tibet, South of Kunlun Mts
Gulf of Martaban
2,414
Arkansas
Central Colorado
Mississippi River
2,348
Colorado
Grand Country, Colorado
Gulf of California
2,333
Dnieper
Valdai Hills, CIS
Black Sea
2,284
Syr Darya
Tien Shah, China / Kyrgyzstan
Aral Sea
2,206
Ohio-Allegheny
Potter Country, Pennsylvania
Mississippi River
2,102
Irrawaddy
Confluence of Nmai and Mali rivers, northeast Myanmar
Bay of Bengal
2,092
Orange
Lesotho
Atlantic Ocean
2,092
Orinoco
Serra Parima Mts., Venezuela
Atlantic Ocean
2,062
Pilcomayo
Andes Mts., Bolivia
Paraguay River
1,999
Xi Jiang (Si Kiang)
Eastern Yunnan Province, China
China Sea
1,989
Columbia
Columbia Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Pacific Ocean
1,968
Don
Tula, RSFSR, CIS
Sea of Azov
1,968
Sungari
China-North Korea boundary
Amur River
1,955
Saskatchewan
Canadian Rockey Mts.
Lake Winnipeg
1,939
Peace
Stikine Mts., British Columbia, Canada
Great Slave River
1,923
Tigris
Taurus Mts. Turkey
Shatt-al-Arab
1,899
Rhine
Confluence of Hinterrhein and Vorderrhein rivers, Switzerland
North Sea
1,320



FOR DOWNLOAD PRINCIPAL RIVER OF THE WORLD CLICK LINK GIVEN BELOW





Interesting Environmental Facts

Interesting Environmental Facts

Human Influenced Facts

If just 25% of U.S. families used 10 fewer plastic bags a month, we would save over 2.5 BILLION bags a year. 


  1. On the average, the 140 million cars in America are estimated to travel almost 4 billion miles in a day, and according to the Department of Transportation, they use over 200 million gallons of gasoline doing it.
  2. Every year we throw away 24 million tons of leaves and grass. Leaves alone account for 75% of our solid waste in the fall.
  3. Over 100 pesticide ingredients are suspected to cause birth defects, cancer, and gene mutations.
  4. Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil.
  5. About 1% of U.S. landfill space is full of disposable diapers, which take 500 years to decompose.
  6. Energy saved from one recycled aluminum can will operate a TV set for 3 hours, and is the equivalent to half a can of gasoline.
  7. Glass produced from recycled glass instead of raw materials reduces related air pollution by 20%, and water pollution by 50%.
  8. Americans use 50 million tons of paper annually -- consuming more than 850 million trees.
  9. Homeowners use up to 10 times more toxic chemicals per acre than farmers.
  10. By turning down your central heating thermostat one degree, fuel consumption is cut by as much as 10%.
  11. Insulating your attic reduces the amount of energy loss in most houses by up to 20%.
  12. Enough glass was thrown away in 1990 to fill the Twin Towers (1,350 feet high) of New York's World Trade Center every two weeks.
  13. One ton of carbon dioxide that is released in the air can be prevented by replacing every 75 watt light bulbs with energy efficient bulbs.
  14. Many banks lent large sums of money to developing nations. In order to pay those debts plus interest many nations have turned to the mining of their natural resources as a source of financial aid.
  15. Every day 40,000 children die from preventable diseases.
  16. The public transportation that we have is a wreck. The U.S. continues to promote and invest in private car travel rather than public transportation.
  17. The human population of the world is expected to be nearly tripled by the year 2100.
  18. A three percent annual growth rate will result in the doubling of consumption and production of food and other products in 25 short years.  The amount of motor vehicles that are expected to be operated will increase 15 million a year until at least 2010.
  19. The world's per capita grain production has been on the downfall since 1985 despite the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
  20. Already a train system has been developed (back in 1987) which is based on magnetic levitation and causes minimal pollution. These versions of a train are already in use in several countries.
  21. Fibre optics, made of glass, are being used to replace copper cables throughout the world.
  22. The uncontrolled fishing that is allowed has reduced the amount of commercial species. Some species, up to one-tenth of their original population.
  23. Every day 50 to 100 species of plants and animals become extinct as their habitat and human influences destroy them.

The Earth

  1. Deserts are advancing and taking over the land. In Mali the desert has taken over about 220 miles in as few as 20 years. Deserts can be repelled, by developing tree-planting projects, having better agriculture and by managing the land better. However, governments still are reluctant to fund anti-desertification, despite horrific droughts that have occurred in recent years.
  2. The Earth has been around for 4.6 billion years. Scaling this time down to 46 years we have been around for 4 hours and our Industrial Revolution began just 1 minute ago. During this short time period we have ransacked the planet for ways to get fuels and raw materials, have been the cause of extinction of an unthinkable amount of plants and animals, and have multiplied our population to that of a plague.
  3. Despite all of the damage we have caused the environment most of it is reversible. We can restore habitats and return species to them; clean rivers; renovate buildings; replenish the topsoil, replant forests. However, these activities do not relieve the worst symptoms of the damage. We still have to fix the source of these problems, us and our vision that we must progress.

The Rainforest

  1. In Peninsular Malaysia, more tree species are found in 125 acres of Tropical Forest than in the entire North America.
  2. In Peru a single bush may contain more ant species than in the British Isles.
  3. A study has shown that there are possibly over 30 million species of insects dwelling in the canopies of tropical forests.
  4. 63,000 square miles of Rainforests are being destroyed each year.
  5. Rainforests higher than 3,000 feet above sea level are called cloud forests.
  6. Already over half of the world's tropical forests have been lost.
  7. Madagascar is the home to a rainforest where 60 percent of it's 12,000 different plant species are unique to that island.
  8. When you visit a pharmacist, one in every four purchases will have come from a tropical forest.
  9. Medicine produced in tropical forests bring in commercially 30 billion dollars a year.
  10. Large areas of South and Central America are cleared and burned for cattle ranching. This is so that farmers can provide cheap beef to consumers in the West.
  11. Every year approximately four billion tons of carbon accumulates in the air each year, about 30% of this comes directly from the continued burning of the rainforests.
  12. More than anything else, rainforest is destroyed by peasant farmers. However, the responsibility for this lies largely with the governments who fail to promote land reform and sustainable agricultural practices as an alternative to forest clearance.
  13. Greater than a quarter of our rainforest is in Brazil.

Interesting Animal Facts

  1. Penguins live only in the Southern Hemisphere and never in the Northern Hemisphere.
  2. A single porcupine is known to kill 100 trees in one winter. It uses it's sharp claws to climb a tree, sits on a limb to gnaw away at the bark and twigs and then stuffs them all into its mouth at once. Because of it's liking for bark, the porcupine causes much damage to forests.
  3. A scallop moves by sucking water into its shell and then squirting it out suddenly. It likes to wander around and this gives it enough force to push it in front in a zig zag manner.
  4. A male garibaldi damselfish attract females for mating by covering a rock with a thick layer of alga. A male which clean off a rock to allow only algae to live have a higher chance of mating. The algae is also used to protect the eggs of the fish.
  5. To prevent the nest from getting soaked, the rare white-chinned swift, which nests behind the waterfalls of Latin America plant pieces of moss in the nest which then grow and reinforce the nest.
  6. A porcupine loves salt so much that it would walk into a camp and gnaw on anything that has been touched by salt or even by perspiring hands.
  7. Despite having a shell of armour for the body, an armadillo has teeth that do not have enamel and thus have very soft teeth. It can only eat soft food such as ants, termites, grubs and bugs.
  8. The tip of an elephant's trunk is so sensitive and flexible that it can pick up a pin.
  9. If a mole does not find food within 12 hours, it will die. Its chief food consists of insects and earthworms.
  10. A male nightingale stops singing when its eggs have hatched so as not to attract unnecessary attention to the nest. However he gives short calls to tell the female that all is well or danger is approaching.
  11. Bolas spiders snare moths by producing chemicals similar to pheromones used by several species of female moths to attract mates.
  12. The webbed feet of the stormy petrel enable it to 'walk' on water. It spends almost its entire life over the ocean and only comes to land to breed. If a storm arises, they can't walk on water and are forced to remain in the air all day and night.
  13. Some giant land turtles are able to bellow.
  14. No one knows what happens to the seahorse during winter as it is only seen during the summertime.
  15. There is a species in the river Nile in Egypt that avoids its enemies by swimming with its black belly up and its white back down.
  16. The arctic tern, a migrating bird is able to travel back and forth as much as 22000 miles in a course of a year.
  17. The Amazon army ants raid nests of certain black ants and carry back to cocoons and larvae to their own homes. When the cocoons hatch, they will become the slaves of these army ants and do all their work.
  18. The nest that an osprey is a huge and attractive one which is unhidden from sight and the bird adds new material each year to the same old nest. The nest can weigh up to 450 kilograms.

The Open Range

  1. The Grasslands cover one-fifth of the land on Earth.
  2. The majority of grasslands are found around the tropics.
  3. Natural grasslands are; the savannahs of Africa, the North American prairies, and in southern USSR-the dry steppes.
  4. Semi-natural grasslands are where the forest has been cleared and grazing, cutting or burning maintains the grass cover. Tending to be more productive most South and South-East Asian grasslands are semi-natural grasslands.
  5. The temperate grassland soil contains a lot of organic material (more than the tropical)

FOR DOWNLOAD INTERESTING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTS CLICK LINK GIVEN BELOW




National Emblems

National Emblems

Australia
Kangaroo
Bangladesh
Water Lily
Barbados
Head of trident
Belgium
Lion
Canada
White Lily
Chile
Candor and huemul
Denmark
Beach
Dominica
Sisserou Parrot
France
Lily
Germany
Corn Flower
Guyana
Canje Pheasant
India
Lioned Capital
Iran
Rose
Ireland
Shamrock
Israel
Candelabrum
Italy
White Lily
lvory Coast
Elephant
Japan
Lion with Crown
Hong Kong
Bauhinia (Orchid tree)
Lebanon
Cedar tree
Luxembourg
Lion with Crown
Mongolia
The Soyombo
Netherlands
Lion
New Zealand
Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway
Lion
Pakistan
Crescent
Papua New Guinea
Bird of Paradise
Spain
Eagle
Senegal
Baobab tree
Sierra Leone
Lion
Sri Lanka
Lion
Sudan
Secretary Bird
Syria
Eagle
Turkey
Crescent and Star
United Kingdom
Rose
U.S.A.
Golden Rod
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Bird


Indian Navy Commissioned Officer Recruitment 2014

Indian Navy Commissioned Officer Recruitment 2014 – Apply Online

Indian Navy Commissioned Officer Recruitment 2014 – Apply Online for Course Commencing - December 2014: The Indian Naval Academy (INA), Ezhimala, Kerala has issued a recruitment notification for the recruitment of Commissioned Officer posts. Application are invited from unmarried male candidates for filling up Short Service Commissioned Officer in Executive Branch & Technical Branches of the Indian Navy for December 2014 Course at Indian Naval Academy (INA) Ezhimala, Kerala. Eligible candidates may apply through online from 8th March to 24th March 2014. Further details are mentioned below…

Indian Navy Vacancy Details:
Organization Name: Indian Naval Academy (INA), Ezhimala, Kerala
Name of Posts: Short Service Commissioned Officer

I.) Executive Branch

Engineering Branch
Electrical Branch

II.) Technical Branches

Engineering Branch
Electrical Branch

III.) Executive (GS)/ Hydro Cadre

Course Season: December 2014

Eligibility Criteria:

Age Limit: Candidates age should be between 19.5 years to 25 years. In other words candidates should be born between 02-01-1990 to 01-07-1995. Age relaxation is applicable as per the Govt. rules.

Educational Qualification: Candidates must possess the qualification of BE/ B.Tech Degree with at least 65% marks in aggregate from any recognized university for Executive and Technical Branch posts and B.E/ B. Tech in any discipline for other posts. 

Application Fee: Read official notification for application fee detail.

Selection Procedure: Eligible candidates will be selected based on their performance in written examination, physical test, medical test followed by the Interview.

How to Apply: All those candidates who wish to apply for Short Service commissioned officer posts in Indian Navy, are required fill online application (e-Application) form from official website at nausena-bharti.nic.in from 8th march to 24th March 2014. Follow the instructions on how to apply online for recruitment. 

After submission of online application, candidates need to print two copies of system generated online application form and note down application number. One copy of this application form is to be duly signed and it should sent to below address along with the Self attested photograph, Attested photo copies of 10th & 12th class certificates.

Post Box No. 04, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110 021 

Online Application Form:

  1. Log on to www.nausena-bharti.nic.in & Click on the ‘Officer Entry’ button under the option ‘Apply Online’ button.
  2. Fill the online registration form. After filling the form click on Preview and check if all the information entered by you are correct.
  3. Candidates can take the print of the application form after entering the relevant details.


Important Dates:
Starting Date for Online Registration: 08-03-2014
Last Date for Online Registration: 24-03-2014
Last Date for Receipt of Online Application at Naval Head Quarters: 05-04-2014
Training Schedule: December 2014.

Follow the below link for official notification.


Click here for Apply Online.