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Sunday, 28 September 2014

SOME AMAZING FACTS OF HEART


SOME AMAZING FACTS OF HEART



  1. Cocaine affects the heart’s electrical activity and causes spasm of the arteries, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke, even in healthy people.
  2. Some heavy snorers may have a condition called obtrusive sleep apnea (OSA), which can negatively affect the heart.
  3. The heart pumps blood to almost all of the body’s 75 trillion cells. Only the corneas receive no blood supply.
  4. During an average lifetime, the heart will pump nearly 1.5 million barrels of blood—enough to fill 200 train tank cars.
  5. Five percent of blood supplies the heart, 15-20% goes to the brain and central nervous system, and 22% goes to the kidneys.
  6. The “thump-thump” of a heartbeat is the sound made by the four valves of the heart closing.
  7. The average adult heart beats 72 times a minute; 100,000 times a day; 3,600,000 times a year; and 2.5 billion times during a lifetime.
  8. The volume of blood pumped by the heart can vary over a wide range, from five to 30 liters per minute.
  9. Though weighing only 11 ounces on average, a healthy heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood through 60,000 miles of blood vessels each day.
  10. Because the heart has its own electrical impulse, it can continue to beat even when separated from the body, as long as it has an adequate supply of oxygen.
  11. A newborn baby has about one cup of blood in circulation. An adult human has about four to five quarts which the heart pumps to all the tissues and to and from the lungs in about one minute while beating 75 times.
  12. The heart begins beating at four weeks after conception and does not stop until death.
  13. A woman’s heart typically beats faster than a man’s. The heart of an average man beats approximately 70 times a minute, whereas the average woman has a heart rate of 78 beats per minute.
  14. Physician Erasistratus of Chios (304-250 B.C.) was the first to discover that the heart functioned as a natural pump.
  15. Every day 2,700 people die of heart disease.
  16. The risk of heart disease for inactive people is double that of people who get regular exercise.
  17. The first successful heart transplant was performed in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967.
  18. The pressure created in the heart during a heartbeat is enough to squirt blood a distance of thirty feet.
  19. Each minute your heart pumps 1.5 gallons of blood.
  20. Heart disease has been found in 3000 year old MUMMIES.
  21. The BLUE WHALE has largest heart weighing over 1500 pounds.
  22. Happiness and a strong sense of emotional vitality helps lower your risk of heart disease.
  23. A normal heart valve is about the size of a half dollar.
  24. The more education you have, the lower your risk of heart disease.
  25. A good belly laugh can send 20% more blood flowing through your entire body.
  26. A man’s heart weighs about 10 ounces, while a woman’s heart weighs approximately 8 ounces.


Saturday, 27 September 2014

GA Questions - RBI Assistant Exam - 26 Sept-2014 (Both Shift)

GA Questions - RBI Assistant Exam - 26 Sept-2014 (Both Shift)


1. When did India become member of WTO? - 1995
2. RBI formed in which Year? - 1935
3. Any Time Milk by which company? - Amul
4. India's first Postal Savings Office ATM located in which city? - Chennai
5. First newspaper of india-bengal gazette
6. Tibor full form - Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate
7. Japan's dance - Odori and Mai
8. Current CRR - 4%
9. How much interest paid by rbi on deposit of CRR? Zero
10. Prime minister of UK - David Cameroon
11. Newly elected deputy governor - S.S. Mundra
12. Total imports done in 2013-14 ? - $616.7 billion
13. Total exports done in 2013-14 ? - $442.4 billion
14. Pound sterling is the currency of which country - United Kingdom
15. PM Modi is which PM of India? 15th PM
16. Which Lok Sabha election was held recently? - 16th
17. Netherlands Capital? - Amsterdam
18. India wins how many gold in CWG? 15
19. NASSCOM chairman? R. Chandrashekaran
20. Best film (hindi) in Nationals? - Jolly LLB
21. GDP for 2014-15 by IMF? - 5.4%
22. India's first motion picture? - Raja Harishchandra
23. India's first newspaper? - Bengal Gazette
24. One question from whole price index.
25. Total women population in the world as per census? -
26. Press council of India formed in which year? - 1978
27. Indira Awas Yojna which year formed? - 1996
28. Which of following country is not a male dominated country? - USA
29. Currency of UK ? - Pound Sterling
30. Minister of Railways ? - Sadananda Gowda
31. One question on China's development index.
32. Newly granted license for which two banks ? - IDFC and Bandhan
33. Who among the following is not a RBI deputy governors ?
34. World Heart day? - 29 September
35. Current Foreign Exchange reserve of India? - 319,390 million $ US
36. WTO head quarters? - Geneva
37. RBI proposed for 5th deputy governor by post - Chief Operating Officer
38. One question was from world bank (option given ..not part of wb)
39. One question from tag line of bank
40. Which is not nationalised bank from option
41. No question from budget
42. Shadow banking committee headed by - T. Vijay Bhaskar
43. Overhead is related which sport - Netball
44. Who is lady election commission officer? V.S. Ramadevi
45. FDI in Public sector bank? - 20%
46. Summer 2016 games held in? Rio De Janeiro
47. Which do not work under RBI ? Options were IMF, IFC, etc - Answer is IMF

SOME VERY USEFUL SHORT FORMS

   SOME VERY USEFUL SHORT FORMS   


 1.) GOOGLE : Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth .
2.) YAHOO : Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle .
3.) WINDOW : Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution
4.) COMPUTER : Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research.
5.) VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege .
6.) UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System .
7.) AMOLED : Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
8.) OLED : Organic light-emitting diode
9.) IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity .
10.) ESN: Electronic Serial Number .
11.) UPS: uninterruptible power supply .
12. HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface
13.) VPN: virtual private network
14.)APN: Access Point Name
15.) SIM: Subscriber Identity Module
16.) LED: Light emitting diode.
17.) DLNA: Digital Living Network Alliance
18.) RAM: Random access memory.
19.) ROM: Read only memory.
20.) VGA: Video Graphics Array
21.) QVGA: Quarter Video Graphics Array
22.) WVGA: Wide video graphics array.
23.) WXGA: Widescreen Extended Graphics Array
24.)USB: Universal serial Bus
25.) WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
26.) PPI: Pixels Per Inch
27.) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display.
28.) HSDPA: High speed down-link packet access.
29.) HSUPA: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
30.) HSPA: High Speed Packet Access
31.) GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
32.) EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
33.)NFC: Near field communication
34.) OTG: on-the-go
35.) S-LCD: Super Liquid Crystal Display
36.) O.S: Operating system.
37.) SNS: Social network service
38.) H.S: HOTSPOT
39.) P.O.I: point of interest
40.)GPS: Global Positioning System
41.)DVD: Digital Video Disk
42.)DTP: Desk top publishing.
43.) DNSE: Digital natural sound engine .
44.) OVI: Ohio Video Intranet
45.)CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
46.) WCDMA: Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access
47.)GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
48.)WI-FI: Wireless Fidelity
49.) DIVX: Digital internet video access.
50.) .APK: authenticated public key.
51.) J2ME: java 2 micro edition
52.) SIS: installation source.
53.) DELL: Digital electronic link library.
54.)ACER: Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection
55.)RSS: Really simple syndication
56.) TFT: thin film transistor
57.) AMR: Adaptive Multi-Rate
58.) MPEG: moving pictures experts group
59.)IVRS: Interactive Voice Response System
60.) HP: Hewlett Packard

Monday, 22 September 2014

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS 2

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS:-


1.)GEAR – A wheel with teeth that engage or mesh with teeth of another wheel.

2.)GEAR BOX– A unit which has a series of gears and shafts to vary the speed of the gearbox output shaft compared to the engine speed. This in turn increases the torque and thereby improves acceleration of the vehicle.

3.)GEAR RATIO – The ratio of the number of teeth on two gears to mesh with each other.

4.)HANDLING– The ease of maneuvering a vehicle without slipping or skidding.

5.)HYDRAULIC BRAKE – A brake system using hydraulic fluid, piston and cylinders to provide extremely high pressure for brake application.

6.)HYDRAULIC CLUTCH – A clutch that uses hydraulic pressure to actuate the clutch. Used in heavy duty equipment and where the engine is away from the drivers compartment so that it would be difficult to use mechanical linkages.

7.)HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVES – A system of valves that senses driving conditions and automatically shifts the transmission.

8.)HYPOID GEARS – Drive pinion and ring gears whose shape allows them to mesh off centre.

9.)INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION – A type of suspension system in which each wheel is independently supported by a spring. A suspension that allows up and down movement of one wheel without affecting the opposite wheel.

10.)INNER TUBE (tyre) – The inside rubber tube assembled in the tyre casing, it maintains the air at sufficient pressure to inflate the casing and adequately support the vehicle weight.

11.)FLUID FLY WHEEL– A liquid coupling used to transmit the engine effort (torque) to a clutch and transmission. This coupling is always a major part of the engine flywheel.

12.)FORWARD CONTROL TRUCK– has the engine either in or below the driver’s cabin.

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS 1

13.)FORWARD EFFICIENCY – is the ratio of the amount of driver input torque which is available at the wheels to turn the same to the total amount of input torque from the driver at the steering wheel.

14.)FOUR WHEEL DRIVE– Some cross country vehicles (Jeeps) have this arrangement. In this case, the engine power is transmitted to all the four wheels of the vehicle. The main advantage of this arrangement is the entire vehicle weight is available for traction.

15.)FRAME – The assembly of metal structural parts and channel sections that forms the base and supports the engine and body and is supported by the vehicle wheels.

16.)EMERGENCY BRAKE– is the hand brake, operated by a lever, is used when the vehicle is left parked and prevents the vehicle from moving. The hand brake can be applied to stop the vehicle when the service brake fails.

17.)EPICYCLIC GEAR– In the epicyclic gearing, at least one gear not only rotates about its own axis, but also rotates about some other axis.

18.)FADE (brake) – A condition that occurs when there is little braking effect with full brake pedal force.

19.)FINAL DRIVE – The final gear reduction between the engine and the drive wheels.

20.)FIXED CALIPER DISC BRAKES – Disc brakes using a caliper which is fixed in position and cannot move.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS 1

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TERMS:-



1.)DRAGSTER – Car especially built for drag racing.

2.)DRAG WHEEL – Special steering wheel used on some dragsters. Often consists of cross bar spoke and portion of rim on each end.

3.)DRIVE LINE or DRIVE TRAIN – Propeller shaft, universal joints etc. connecting transmission output shaft to axle pinion gear shaft.


4.)DROP CENTRE RIM – Centre section of rim being lower than two outer edges. This allows bead of tyre to be pushed into lower area on one side while the other side is pulled over and off the flange.

5.)DROPPED AXLE – Front axle altered so as to lower the frame of the vehicle. Consists of bending axle downward at outer ends (solid front axle).

6.)DOUBLE LEADING BRAKE – A drumbrake assembly with both front shoes self energized during forward wheel rotation.


7.)DOUBLE REDUCTION AXLE– In the double reduction or tripple reduction type final drive, the required speed reduction is obtained in two or more steps. This enables higher torque to be available at the road wheels. In heavy duty and off highway vehicles, multiple reduction is used. 

8.)DOUBLE TRAILING BRAKE – A drum brake assembly with both shoes self energized during rearward wheel rotation only.

9.)DRAG – To accelerate a vehicle from standing start, over course one fourth mile in length. Also used by some drivers when referring to challenging another driver to an acceleration race.

10.)DRAG LINK – A steel rod connecting pitman arm to one of steering knuckles. On some installations, drag link connects pitman arm to a centre idler arm.

11.)DIFFERENTIAL LOCK– The differential lock grips one or both of the side gears to the differential case. This prevents their rotation on the pins. This enables a larger torque to be transmitted to the gripping wheel than that to the slipping wheel.


12.)DIRECT ACTING SHOCK ABSORBER – Type of shock absorber which shortens or lengthens in action. Also called telescopic shock absorber.

13.)DIRECT DRIVE – Such as high gear when crankshaft and drive shaft revolve at same speed.

14.)DOUBLE LEADING SHOE – A drum brake having two leading shoes and no trailing shoes. Each shoe has its own actuating mechanism and pivot.


15.)DOUBLE PISTON CALIPER – A hydraulic brake caliper with two pistons and provision for applying hydraulic pressure equally to both pistons. The caliper body is fixed solidly.

16.)DASH BOARD – Part of body containing driving and control instruments, switches etc.

17.)DEAD AXLE – Axle that does not rotate or deliver power but merely forms a base upon which wheels may be mounted.

18.)DEDION – Rear axle set up in which driving wheels are attached to the frame by a central pivot. Differential unit is bolted to frame and is connected to the driving wheels by drive axles.


19.)DEPENDENT SUSPENSION – Wheel connected through an axle member so that movement of one wheel moves the other wheel.

20.)DIFFERENTIAL – A mechanism between axles that permit one wheel to turn at a different speed than the other while transmitting power from the drive shaft to the wheel axles, when the vehicle is negotiating a turn.

Wednesday, 17 September 2014

100 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INTERVIEW QUESTION AND ANSWER

 100 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answers http://upseexam.blogspot.com/

1. What is the difference between scavenging and
supercharging?

Ans: Scavenging is process of flushing out burnt gases
from engine cylinder by introducing fresh air in the
cylinder before exhaust stroke ends. Supercharging is
the process of supplying higher mass of air by
compressing  the  atmospheric  air.

2. What are the names given to constant temperature,
constant pressure, constant volume, constant internal
energy, constant enthalpy, and constant entropy
processes?

2. Ans: Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric, free expression,
throttling  and  adiabatic  processes  respectively.

3. In a Rankine cycle if maximum steam pressure is
increased keeping steam temperature and condenser
pressure same, what will happen to dryness fraction of
steam after expansion ?Ans: It will decrease.

4. Why entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process
is  zero?

Ans: Because there is no heat transfer in this process.

5. What are two essential conditions of perfect gas?
Ans: It satisfies equation of state and its specific heats
are  constant.

6. Enthalpy and entropy are functions of one single
parameter.  Which  is  that?

Ans:  Temperature.

100 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answers http://upseexam.blogspot.com/
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100 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answers http://upseexam.blogspot.com/

7. Why rate of condensation is higher on a polished
surface  compared  to  rusty  surface?

Ans: Polished surface promotes drop wise condensation
and  does  not  wet  the  surface.

8. How much resistance is offered to heat flow by drop
wise  condensation?

Ans:  Nil

How are these questions - please do add comments and
if you like them please do share this post on
Facebook, LinkedIn, twitter and google plus.

9. What is the relationship between COP of heating and
cooling?

Ans: COP of heating is one (unity) more than COP of
cooling.

10. How much is the work done in isochoric process?

Ans:  Zero.

11. When maximum discharge is obtained in nozzle?
Ans:  At  the  critical  pressure  ratio.

1. Under what condition the work done in reciprocating
compressor  will  be  least?

Ans: It is least when compression process approaches
isothermal. For this purpose, attempts are made to cool
the  air  during  compression.

13. What is the difference between stalling and surging

100 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answers http://upseexam.blogspot.com/
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100 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answers http://upseexam.blogspot.com/

in  rotary  compressions?

Ans: Stalling is a local phenomenon and it occurs when
How breaks away from the blades. Surging causes
complete breakdown of flow and as such it affects the
whole  machine.

14. Why the electric motor of a fan with backward
curved blades is never got overloaded under any
condition?

Ans: The maximum power is consumed at about 70%
of maximum flow in case ‘of fan with backward blades.
For higher flow, power consumption gets lower.

15. Why the work per kg of air flow in axial flow
compressor is less compared to centrifugal compressor
for  same  pressure  ratio?

Ans: Isentropic efficiency of axial flow compressor is
higher.

16. What is the name given to portion of thermal energy
to  be  necessarily  rejected  to  environment?

Ans:  Energy.

17.  What  is  pitting?  How  it  is  caused?

Ans: Non uniform corrosion over the entire metal
surface, but occurring only in small pits is called pitting.
It is caused by lack of uniformity in metal.

18.  What  is  caustic  embrittlement?

Ans: It is the actual physical change in metal that makes
it extremely brittle and filled with minute cracks. It
occurs particularly in the seams of riveted joints and
around  the  rivet  holes.

19. Which impurities form hard scale and which
impurities  soft  scale?

Ans: Sulphates and chlorides of lime and magnesium
form hard scale, and carbonates of lime and magnesium
form  soft  scale.

20. What is the difference between hard water and soft
water?

Ans: Hard water contains excess of scale forming
impurities and soft water contains very little or no scale
forming  substances.

FOR DOWNLOAD FULL FILE CLICK ON THE GIVEN LINK



50 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answer

Mechanical engineering interview question and answer http://upseexam.blogspot.in/

1. What is the difference between Critical Speed and Whirling Speed?
Ans. In Solid mechanics, in the field of rotor dynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity which excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft, propeller or gear. As the speed of rotation approaches the objects natural frequency, the object begins to resonate which dramatically increases system vibration. The resulting resonance occurs regardless of orientation. Whirling Speed is due to the unbalanced forces acting on a rotating shaft.

2. How a Diesel Engine Works as Generator?
Ans. Diesel engine is a prime mover, for a generator, pump, and for vehicles etc. generator is connected to engine by shaft. Mostly in thermal power plat, there is an engine is used to drive generator to generate power.

3. Explain Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Ans. The entropy of the universe increases over time and moves towards a maximum value.

4. Compare Brayton Cycle and Otto Cycle?
Ans. The heat addition and rejection processes in Otto cycle are of constant volume, whereas in Brayton cycle, they are of constant pressure. Otto  cycle  is  the  ideal  cycle  for  spark  ignition  engines. Brayton cycle is the ideal cycle for gas power turbines.

5. What is the purpose of Scrapper Ring?
Ans. Scrap the excess lube oil from the cylinder walls. There by preventing oil from entering combustion zone.


To Download complete file of 50 mechanical engineering interview question and answer click on the given link:-


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50 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answer

OR

Tuesday, 16 September 2014

TOYOTA DEVELOPS HIGH EFFICIENCY FREE PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE TO POWER ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TOYOTA DEVELOPS HIGH EFFICIENCY FREE PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE TO POWER ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Automobile Engineering Interview Question and Answer

Automobile engineering interview question and answer http://upseexam.blogspot.in/

Automobile Engineering Interview Question and Answer


1. Explain the reason that why big tyres are used in rear of vehicles.
Large tyres provide larger surface area touching the ground, thus providing the more pulling power. Basically tractors have larger rear tyres because tractors don’t have to operate at higher speeds, thus getting the same ground speed with larger tyres. Moreover gear ratios don’t have to be as high as b/c of the tyres.

100 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INTERVIEW QUESTION AND ANSWER


2. What is kingpin offset? State some of its application.
The kingpin offset is the part, basically called as pivot used in the steering of the vehicles. This offset helps in rotating of the steering and thus it’s very useful in steering mechanism of the cars.
Applications: This is also used to measure scrub radius with the help of geometric parameters of wheel plane above and below ground level. 
It provides directional stability to the vehicles when it i combined with the caster.

50 Mechanical Engineering Interview Question and Answer


3. Explain the basic difference between BS2 and BS3 engine.



To Download complete file of Automobile engineering interview question and answer click on the given link:-


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Automobile Engineering Interview Question and Answer


Technical Words and their Full Form in Automobile


TECHNICAL WORDS AND THEIR FULL FORM IN AUTOMOBILE

  1. CRDi - (Common Rail Direct Injection)
  2. TDi - (Turbocharged Direct Ignition)
  3. DTS-i - (Digital Twin Spark Ignition)
  4. VTVT - (Variable Timing Valve Train) 
  5. MPFI - (Multi point fuel injection) 
  6. ABS - (Anti Lock Braking) 
  7. SOHC - ( Single OverHead Camshaft) 
  8. DOHC - (Double Overhead Camshaft) 
  9. SUV - (Sport Utility Vehicle) 
  10. MUV - (Multi Utility Vehicle) 
  11. SAE - (Society of Automotive Engineers) 
  12. HCV - (Heavy Commercial Vehicle) 
  13. LCV - (Light Commercial Vehicle) 
  14. CVTi - (Charged motion Variable Time Ignition) 
  15. CCVTI - (Controlled Combustion Variable Timing Ignition)
  16. EBD - (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution)
  17. BHP - ( Brake Horse Power)
  18. BMEP - (Brake Mean Effective Pressure)
  19. BSFC - (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
  20. CC - (Cubic Capacity)
  21. CDI - (Capacitor Discharge Ignition)
  22. C.I ENGINE - (Compression Ignition Engine)
  23. CNG - (Compressed Natural Gas)
  24. DFI - (Digital Fuel Injection) 
  25. DI ENGINE - (Direct Injection Engine)
  26. EC ENGINE - (External Combustion Engine)
  27. FHP - (Frictional Horse Power)
  28. GVW - (Gross Vehicle Weight)
  29. HVAC - (Heating ventilating and Air Conditioning)
  30. IC ENGINE - (Internal Combustion Engine)
  31. IHP - (Indicated Horse Power)
  32. IMEP - (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure)
  33. ISFC - (Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption)
  34. Kph - (Kilometer Per Hour)
  35. Kpl - (Kilometer Per Liter)
  36. OHV - (Over Head Valve)
  37. SFC - (Specific Fuel Consumption)
  38. SI ENGINE - (Spark Ignition Engine)
  39. VDB - (Ventilated Disc Brake)
  40. VVTi - (Variable Valve Timing)
  41. 4WD - (Four Wheel Drive(FWD))
  42. 2WD - (Two Wheel Drive)
  43. TC - (Traction Control)
  44. ESC -(Electronic Stability Control)
  45. FPEG -(Free Piston Engine Generator)

Sunday, 14 September 2014

LIST OF ALL MUGHAL EMPERORS IN INDIAN HISTORY

LIST OF ALL MUGHAL EMPERORS IN INDIAN HISTORY :-





EmperorBirthReign PeriodDeathNotes
BaburFeb 23, 14831526–1530Dec 26, 1530Was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother and was related toTimur through his father. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the Battle of Panipat (1526) and the Battle of Khanwa.
HumayunMar 6, 15081530–1540Jan 1556Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.
Sher Shah Suri14721540–1545May 1545Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty.
Islam Shah Suric.15001545–155415542nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration.
HumayunMar 6, 15081555–1556Jan 1556Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530–1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.
AkbarNov 14, 15421556–1605Oct 27, 1605He and Bairam Khan defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat and later won famous victories during the Siege of Chittorgarh and the Siege of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions; he married Mariam-uz-Zamani, a Rajput princess. One of his most famous construction marvels was theLahore Fort.
JahangirOct 15691605–16271627Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic, and his wife Empress Noor Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.
Shah JahanJan 5, 15921627–16581666Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red Fort, Jahangir mausoleum, and Shalimar Gardens inLahore. Deposed by his son Aurangzeb.
AurangzebOct 21, 16181658–1707Mar 3, 1707He reinterpreted Islamic law and presented the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri; he captured thediamond mines of the Sultanate of Golconda; he spent the major part of his last 27 years in the war with the Maratha rebels; at its zenith, his conquests expanded the empire to its greatest extent; the over-stretched empire was controlled byMansabdars, and faced challenges after his death. He is known to have transcribed copies of the Qur'an using his own styles of calligraphy. he died during a campaign against the ravaging Marathas in the Deccan.
Bahadur Shah IOct 14, 16431707–1712Feb 1712First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the lack of leadership qualities among his immediate successors.
Jahandar Shah16641712–1713Feb 1713Was an unpopular incompetent titular figurehead;
Furrukhsiyar16831713–17191719His reign marked the ascendancy of the manipulative Syed Brothers, execution of the rebellious Banda In 1717 he granted a Firman to the English East India Companygranting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal, the Firman was repudiated by the notable Murshid Quli Khan.
Rafi Ul-DarjatUnknown17191719
Rafi Ud-DaulatUnknown17191719
NikusiyarUnknown17191743
Muhammad IbrahimUnknown17201744
Muhammad Shah17021719–1720, 1720–17481748Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Countered the emergence of the renegade Marathasand lost large tracts of Deccan and Malwa in the process. Suffered the invasion ofNadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.[38]
Ahmad Shah Bahadur17251748–541775
Alamgir II16991754–17591759The Mughal Empire had impulsively began to re-centralize after subjects anxiously sought his gratification, he was murdered according to the conspiracy of the unscrupulous Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and his schismatic Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau (Peshwa);
Shah Jahan IIIUnknownIn 17591772Was ordained to the imperial throne by Sadashivrao Bhau (Peshwa) who went on to loot the Mughal heartlands, he was generally regarded as an usurper and was overthrown after the Third Battle of Panipat by Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.
Shah Alam II17281759–18061806Was nominated as the Mughal Emperor by Ahmad Shah Durrani after the Third Battle of Panipat. Defeat of the combined forces of Mughal, Nawab of Oudh & Nawab of Bengal, Bihar at the hand of East India Company at the Battle of Buxar.Post the defeat in the Battle of Buxar in 1764, Shah Alam II left Delhi for Allahabad. Treaty of Allahabad(1765). Shah Alam II was reinstated to the throne of Delhi in 1772 byMahadaji Shinde under the protection of the Marathas.[39] He was the last Mughal Emperor to have de jure control over the empire.
Akbar Shah II17601806–18371837He designated Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur as the new Nawab of Sindh, Although he was under British protection his imperial name was removed from the official coinage after a brief dispute with the British East India Company;
Bahadur Shah II17751837–18571862The last Mughal emperor was deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. End of Mughal dynasty.